Epizootiologic Investigations of Selected Infectious Disease Agents in Free-Ranging Eurasian Lynx From Sweden

Ryser-Degiorgis, M.-P.; Hofmann‐Lehmann, Regina; Leutenegger, Christian M.; Segerstad, Carl Hård af; Mörner, Torsten; Mattsson, Roland; Lutz, H

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-41.1.58

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The survey showed that Iberian lynx do not have frequent contact with viral agents, which agrees with a previous serosurvey (Roelke et al, 2008), and the findings in other lynx species (see, for example, Ryser-Degiorgis et al, 2005). The solitary social system of the Iberian lynx (Ferreras et al, 1997) may decrease the risk of intra-species transmission of viral agents, and lynx probably come in contact with these agents mainly during inter-species contacts.…”

Section: Observed Prevalencessupporting

confidence: 89%

Disease threats to the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)

Millán

Candela

Palomares

et al. 2009

The Veterinary Journal

117

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The Iberian lynx, (Lynx pardinus), is the most endangered felid in the world. To determine whether sympatric carnivores are reservoirs of pathogens posing a disease risk for the lynx, evidence of exposure to 17 viral, bacterial and protozoan agents was investigated in 176 carnivores comprising 26 free-living lynx, 53 domestic cats, 28 dogs, 33 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 24 Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon), 10 common genets (Genetta genetta) and 2 Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in the areas inhabited by the last two populations of Iberian lynx, both in Andalusia (South-Western Spain). The results indicated that the lynx had low rates of contact with viral pathogens, with one seropositive finding each for feline leukemia virus, parvovirus and canine adenovirus-1, whereas contact with bacteria and protozoa appeared more frequent. Active infections with parvovirus, Ehrlichia spp., Mycobacterium bovis, Leptospira interrogans and Cytauxzoon spp. were confirmed. In contrast, 53% of the domestic cats were exposed to some infectious agent (prevalence range 4.5-11.4%). Antibodies to canine distemper virus and parvovirus were frequently found in dogs (32% and 42%, respectively) and foxes (30% and 12%). Past or present infections with parvovirus, Ehrlichia spp., Chlamydophila spp., M. bovis, Salmonella enterica, L. interrogans, Toxoplasma gondii, and Neospora caninum were also detected in these and other species surveyed. Questionnaires to owners revealed that 14% of the dogs but none of the cats had been vaccinated, and no cat had been neutered. Based on the apparent absence of acquired immunity of the lynx against infectious agents, the frequent detection of agents among sympatric carnivores, and the reported lack of immunocompetence of the Iberian lynx, a disease outbreak among the local abundant carnivores may pose a serious disease risk for lynx conservation.

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Section: Observed Prevalencessupporting

confidence: 89%

Disease threats to the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)

Millán

Candela

Palomares

et al. 2009

The Veterinary Journal

117

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“…Besides domestic ruminants, A. phagocytophilum infection has been identified in cats (Bjöersdorff et al, 1999), dogs (Bellström, 1989, horses (Bjöersdorff et al, 1990), European bison (Grzeszczuk et al, 2003), wild boars (Petrovec et al, 2002), red foxes , donkey (de la Fuente et al, 2005a), small rodents (Liz et al, 2000, Christova andGladnishka, 2005), moose (Jenkins et al, 2001), roe deer (Stuen et al, 2001a), red deer (Petrovec et al, 2002) and humans (Petrovec et al, 1997). Antibodies have also been detected in hare (Lepus capensis) (Groen et al, 2002) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) (Ryser-Degiorgis et al, 2005).…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum - the Most Widespread Tick-Borne Infection in Animals in Europe

2007

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The bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) may cause infection in several animal species including human. The disease in domestic ruminants is also called tick-borne fever (TBF), and has been known for at least 200 years. In Europe, clinical manifestations due to A. phagocytophilum have been recorded in sheep, goat, cattle, horse, dog, cat, roe deer, reindeer and human. However, seropositive and PCR-positive mammalian have been detected in several other species. Investigations indicate that the infection is prevalent in Ixodes ricinus areas in most countries in Europe. A. phagocytophilum infection may cause high fever, cytoplasmatic inclusions in phagocytes and severe neutropenia, but is seldom fatal unless complicated by other infections. Complications may include abortions, and impaired spermatogenesis for several months. However, the most important aspect of the infection at least in sheep is its implication as a predisposing factor for other infections. Factors such as climate, management, other infections, individual conditions etc. are important for the outcome of the infection. A. phagocytophilum may cause persistent infection in several species. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences several variants exist. Different variants may exist within the same herd and even simultaneously in the same animal. Variants may behave differently and interact in the mammalian host.

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“…Other studies on various aspects of veterinary science have been performed using RT PCR for instance, effects of viral infections on neural stem cell viability [80], detection of several viruses [81][82][83], innate immune responses to virus infection [84], factors influencing viral replication [85], gene expression profiling during infection [86], characterization of viruses [87] are a few to mention.…”

Section: Veterinary Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time PCR: Revolutionizing Detection and Expression Analysis of Genes

et al. 2007

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Invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology by Kary Mullis in 1984 gave birth to real-time PCR. Real-time PCR - detection and expression analysis of gene(s) in real-time - has revolutionized the 21(st) century biological science due to its tremendous application in quantitative genotyping, genetic variation of inter and intra organisms, early diagnosis of disease, forensic, to name a few. We comprehensively review various aspects of real-time PCR, including technological refinement and application in all scientific fields ranging from medical to environmental issues, and to plant.

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Epizootiologic Investigations of Selected Infectious Disease Agents in Free-Ranging Eurasian Lynx From Sweden

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Disease threats to the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)

Disease threats to the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum - the Most Widespread Tick-Borne Infection in Animals in Europe

Real-Time PCR: Revolutionizing Detection and Expression Analysis of Genes

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