Epizoötic Vesicular Stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: Isolation of Virus from Insects Collected Along the Northern Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range

Francy, D. B.; Moore, Chester G.; Smith, Gordon Cs; Jakob, W. L.; Taylor, Simon; Calisher, Charles H.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/25.5.343

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The reports of disease along valleys, wet wooded areas and in pastures are consistent with the behaviour of Simulium [15]. The distribution of S. vittatum from Mexico to the Canadian border makes it together with S. bivittatum the most likely species for virus transmission ( [15,31]; M. M. Galloway, personal communication, 1987).…”

Section: (A-d)mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…During the 1982 outbreak VS virus was isolated from Simulium and Culicoides [15,16]. Virus of low titre was usually isolated, so transmission would be mechanical.…”

Section: (A-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virus of low titre was usually isolated, so transmission would be mechanical. Virus of higher titre was isolated from a pool of S. vittatum and S. bivittatum indicating possible biological transmission [15]. Simulium and Culicoides may be carried on the wind for distances of up to 600-700 km at heights up to 1-5 km and for a duration of 24-35 h [26,27].…”

Section: (A-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of S. vittatum from Mexico to the Canadian border makes it together with S. bivittatum the most likely species for virus transmission ( [15,31]; M. M. Galloway, personal communication, 1987).…”

Section: (A-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However there was spread of disease over long distances without intermediate outbreaks [1,14]. During the 1982 outbreaks there were reports of swarms of Simulium; VS virus, New Jersey serotype, was isolated from the biting flies, Simulium and Culicoides, in Colorado and it was suggested that these insects could be involved in transmission of VS virus [1,8,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introduction R F Sellers and A R Maaroufmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trajectory analysis of winds and vesicular stomatitis in North America, 1982–5

Sellers

Maarouf

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYOutbreaks of vesicular stomatitis, serotype New Jersey, during epidemics in the United States and northern Mexico, 1982–5, were examined by backward trajectories of winds to investigate spread and possible sources. The outbreaks selected for analysis did not involve introduction of disease by infected animals. The findings indicate that wind could have been responsible for carrying infection from northern Mexico to Arizona and New Mexico and thence to Colorado and Utah and on to Wyoming, Idaho and Montana. The results of these analyses are consistent with the findings from T1 RNAse fingerprinting of virus isolates from outbreaks during the epidemics. The arrival of the trajectories was associated with the passage of a front and rain or passage of a front alone or rain alone. At the time of the trajectories temperatures of 10 °C and higher were recorded at heights up to 2500–3500 m.Introduction by airborne particles would appear unlikely as it would have required a source of at least 105infectious units per minute per animal. Vesicular stomatitis virus had been isolated fromSimuliumandCulicoidesduring the epidemic with amounts of virus fromSimuliumsufficient to suggest biological transmission. The possibility ofSimuliuminfected with vesicular stomatitis virus being carried downwind to introduce disease is discussed in relation to the behaviour ofSimuliumand the pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis in large animals.

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Section: (A-d)mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…During the 1982 outbreak VS virus was isolated from Simulium and Culicoides [15,16]. Virus of low titre was usually isolated, so transmission would be mechanical.…”

Section: (A-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (A-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (A-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction R F Sellers and A R Maaroufmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trajectory analysis of winds and vesicular stomatitis in North America, 1982–5

Sellers

Maarouf

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Biting Flies (Class Insecta: Order Diptera)

Allan¹

2001

Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals

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Evolution and expansion dynamics of a vector‐borne virus: 2004–2006 vesicular stomatitis outbreak in the western USA

et al. 2021

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Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that negatively impacts domestic livestock and wildlife hosts, and economically impacts both private animal owners and the commercial livestock industry. Previous phylogenetic studies, based on partial P gene sequences, suggested that outbreak cycles of the virus (VSV) exhibit a two-phase dynamic (i.e., incursion and expansion). A single viral lineage from endemic areas of Mexico introduced into the southern United States during an incursion year (2004), can overwinter, and then expand throughout the western United States during the subsequent spring and summer seasons (2005). Our objective was to build on this past research using full-length viral genomic sequences from Mexico and the United States from the same outbreak, and a large suite of geospatial data to identify the environmental factors that influence VSV evolution in the United States and potentially drive the incursion-expansion dynamics. Our phylogeographic analysis confirmed that a single VS New Jersey virus (VSNJV) lineage initiated the 2004 incursion year outbreak was subject to decreasing genetic divergence during the 2004-2006 outbreak cycle, and likely overwintered between the 2004-2006 outbreak seasons. However, rather than a simple geographic relationship, viral genetic sublineages or patristic groups identified as part of our study, were found to be associated with seasonally varying evaporative demand, soil moisture, and precipitation. Our results suggest a functional role for these environmental factors in shaping the evolution and ecology of VSNJV. We speculate a nexus to insect-vector switching and possible adaptation to local environmental conditions to help explain the observed incursion-expansion dynamic in the United States in the 2004-2006 outbreak. Our approach of linking the phylogeography of a virus with the ecology of insect vectors can be applied to other vector-borne diseases.

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Epizoötic Vesicular Stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: Isolation of Virus from Insects Collected Along the Northern Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range

Cited by 54 publications

References 6 publications

Trajectory analysis of winds and vesicular stomatitis in North America, 1982–5

Trajectory analysis of winds and vesicular stomatitis in North America, 1982–5

Biting Flies (Class Insecta: Order Diptera)

Evolution and expansion dynamics of a vector‐borne virus: 2004–2006 vesicular stomatitis outbreak in the western USA

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