“…Like all alphaviruses, the virus is maintained in transmission cycles between its mosquito vector and vertebrate hosts. In the case of RRV the predominant vectors are the mosquitoes Culex annulirostris and Aedes vigilax and the vertebrate hosts are commonly found to be native marsupials (Harley et al, 2001;Old & Deane, 2005;Oliveira et al, 2006). In Australia, there are between 5,000 to 8,000 cases of RRV reported annually (Harley et al, 2001), with patients displaying symptoms of arthritis, arthralgia, myalgia, fatigue, febrile illness and rash (Fraser, 1986;Harley et al, 2002;Harley et al, 2001).…”