Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design against Mokola Rabies Virus Glycoprotein G Utilizing In Silico Approaches

Abstract

Background: Lyssavirus is considered as a neglected, zoonotic and tropical virus. Among all the Lyssavirus species known to exist today, Mokola virus is unique and appears to be exclusive to Africa. This virus is responsible for a meningoencephalomyelitis in mammals therefore; in silico prediction of epitopes of appropriate protein residues is important to produce a peptide vaccine with powerful immunogenic and minimal allergic effect. The aim of this study was to design a vaccine for Mokola virus using its glycoprotein peptides as an immunogen to stimulate protective immune response. Methods and materials: Glycoprotein G Sequences of Mokola was explored from NCBI then the sequences were aligned to obtain conserved regions. The nominees epitopes from Immune Epitope Database were analyzed by different prediction tools for B-cell, T-cell MHC class II and I. Then sequences aligned with the aid of ClustalW implemented in the BioEdit program. Results and conclusions: For Bepipred test of B-cell the total number of conserved epitopes was 85. For Emini surface accessibility prediction, 36 conserved epitopes were passing the default threshold 1.0. In Kolaskar and Tongaonkar antigenicity, 36 conserved epitopes gave score above the default threshold 1.045. However, there are only three epitopes that pass the three tests (LYTIPEK, LAHQK, YPSVPS). The reference glycoprotein strain was analyzed using IEDB MHC-I binding prediction tool to predict T cell epitope. Twenty conserved peptides were predicted to interact with different MHC-I alleles. For MHC-II binding prediction there were 47 conserved epitopes found to interact with MHC-II alleles. The peptides GQILIPEMQ, FRRLSHFRK and FVGYVTTTF had the affinity to bind the highest number of MHC-II alleles. World population coverage for MHC-I most promising 3 peptides FVDLHMPDV, FVGYVTTTF and RLFDGTWVS was 67.42%, while the world population coverage for most promising MHC-II peptides was 99.77%, for the binding to MHC-I and MHC-II, The peptide FVG TTTF world population coverage was 99.31%.

Epitope - based peptide vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus using immunoinformatics approaches

“…However, novel vaccines approach as epitope-based peptide vaccines can possibly conquer these obstructions for these immunizations can make increasingly successful, specific and long lasting impregnable reaction and without all the adverse effects of the classical vaccines. Moreover, based on our previous studies peptide-based vaccines have been effectively proposed by utilizing in silico approach against Madurella mycetomatis, Mokola Rabies Virus, Lagos Rabies Virus and others [49,50,51] . Such investigations in regards to those viruses built up immunoinformatics considered as a computational analysis.…”

Epitope - based peptide vaccine againstFructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA)ofMadurella mycetomatisusing immunoinformatics approaches

“…Peptide FFKEHGVPL shows the best Docking result, this indicates a strong potential to formulate a vaccine utilizing the peptide FFKEHGVPL that is highly promising to be the first proposed epitope-based peptide vaccines against Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) of Madurella mycetomatis. Based on our previous studies on Mokola Rabies Virus and Lagos Rabies Virus, a computational analysis was made and the most immunogenic epitopes for T and B cells involved in the cell-mediated immunity were analyzed [39][40] . In this study the same techniques were used, to design the as target proteins [41,42] .…”

Designing and development of efficient multi-epitope-based peptide vaccine candidate against emerging avian rotavirus strains: A vaccinomic approach

“…In this regard, proteomics, bioinformatics, and immunoinformatics have been used in computational vaccine design to lay the groundwork for generating vaccines as inexpensively and quickly as feasible. 20 Previously, in silico vaccines on Avian Influenza virus, 21 Fowl Pox virus, 22 Newcastle disease virus, 23 and others have been successfully designed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to construct a multi epitope-based peptide vaccine candidate that would effectively fight ARV infection and trigger an immune response that would effectively combat ARV infection, trigger an immune response to destroy the virus, and ensure the safety of the poultry industry.…”