Epithelial In vitro Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stromal cells that reside in many human organs and have been isolated from a variety of adult or fetal tissues such as adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly, among others. Because they are a heterogeneous population, International Society for Cellular Therapy has established 3 minimum criteria to characterize MSCs : i) adherence to plastic, ii) differentiation potential (osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages) and iii) expression of specific surface antigens (CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD34-, CD45-, CD11b-, CD14-, CD19-, CD79a-, HLA-DR-). Because of these characteristics, MSCs are useful for different applications and studies, most of them related with regenerative biomedicine. Epithelial differentiation of MSCs, for clinical use, is one of the main objectives in this field, due to, on the one hand, the difficulties to establish epithelial cell cultures and, on the other hand, the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs that could increase the success of transplantation. According to this and the information compiled from bibliography, production of epithelial cells differentiated from MSCs is a complex procedure and a lot of techniques and culture media are necessary to explore. The objective of this review is to show the different methods of epithelial differentiation and remark the need to further study for being capable of establishing specific cell lines of epithelial cells differentiated from autogenic or allogenic MSCs.

Permeability and fluid flow-induced wall shear stress in bone scaffolds with TPMS and lattice architectures: A CFD analysis

“…The permeability of each scaffold was calculated with reference to the average ∆P at the inlet derived from the CFD models and Darcy's law using equation (3). Figure 5 shows the calculated permeability values for each scaffold.…”

“…Culturing cells from the patient in scaffolds before their actual implantation into tissues is a promising approach that can accelerate the treatment process [1]. Stem cells have been used extensively in such processes for differentiation to other phenotypes [2,3] due to their ability to respond to both biochemical and biophysical cues around them. The phenotype of stem J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f cells can be regulated depending on the signals they receive [4,5].…”

The regulatory mechanism of p38/MAPK in the chondrogenic differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

“…Chondrogenic induction is conducted by forcing aggregation of mesenchymal cells or chondroprogenitor cells to generate a “micromass” or “pellet” culture in a special culture system in vitro [9–11]. TGF-β has been widely proven to regulate cell differentiation by setting off a large variety of signaling cascades and is tightly controlled by feedback mechanisms at different levels [12].…”

Bcl‑xL mutant promotes cartilage differentiation of BMSCs by upregulating TGF‑β/BMP expression levels

“…The cells were then cultured in a polylysine-coated culture plate in an atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 and 95% air, at 37˚C for 48 h. The medium was replaced every 72 h and the cells were subcultured or cryopreserved when the confluence reached 80-90%. BMSCs were identified using light microscopy (200x magnification) and flow cytometry (CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90 and CD105) as previously described ( 18 , 19 ).…”