Epithelial and basement membrane responses to chick embryo primitive streak grafts

Sanders, Esmond J.; Prasad, S.

doi:10.1016/0045-6039(86)90055-2

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Such heterogeneity in the basement membrane is consistent with a functional association of this structure with the differentiation of the neural plate from the ectoderm (Sanders and Prasad, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Changes in glycoconjugate expression during early chick embryo development: A lectin‐binding study

Griffith

Sanders

1991

Anat. Rec.

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A selection of lectins was used to investigate developmentally regulated changes in the distribution of cell surface oligosaccharides during the gastrulation and neurulation stages of early chick embryo development. Lectins from three specificity classes were used: glucose/mannose specificity (concanavalin A [Con A], Lens culinaris agglutinin [LCA], Pisum sativum agglutinin [PSA]); N-acetylglucosamine specificity (Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin [LEA], wheat germ agglutinin [WGA], succinylated WGA [sWGA]); N-acetylgalactosamine/galactose specificity (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin [DBA], soybean agglutinin [SBA], Sophora japonica agglutinin [SJA], Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia lectin I [BSL I], peanut agglutinin [PNA], Artocarpus integrifolia lectin [Jacalin], Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 [RCA-1], Erythrina cristagalli lectin [ECL]). At gastrulation stages, patterns of lectin binding could be distinguished in the epiblast, mesoderm, and endoderm cell layers. The primitive streak failed to bind any of the lectins, but LEA and WGA bound to the epiblast in regions lateral to the streak, indicating the loss of some glucosamine residues medially in preparation for the ingression movements of gastrulation. Several lectins showed marked binding to the mesoderm cells after their passage through the primitive streak; these were LCA, PSA, WGA, sWGA, BSL, and most particularly PNA. Therefore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation from epiblast to mesoderm at the primitive streak is accompanied by cell surface oligosaccharide changes in the epiblast and mesoderm that involve all classes of lectins including the PNA-binding sequence Gal beta 1-3GalNAc. Ultrastructurally, PNA was shown to bind extracellularly to matrix fibrils. Jacalin, having the same sugar specificity as PNA, but binding to serine/threonine linked chains rather than asparagine linked chains showed no binding to the mesoderm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Changes in glycoconjugate expression during early chick embryo development: A lectin‐binding study

Griffith

Sanders

1991

Anat. Rec.

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“…5), might reflect such inductive interactions between the expanding hypoblast and the epiblast. Indeed, the cellular mechanisms responsible for ingression and migration during the formation of the primary hypoblast could be comparable to those postulated for (1) the formation of the primitive streak (Mitrani 1982), (2) the inductive effects of posterior streak grafts on the epiblast (Sanders and Prasad 1986) and (3) the invasion of a basement membrane matrix by epiblastic cells (Sanders and Prasad 1989). All these processes imply that the prerequisite steps for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation are de-epithelization (e.g.…”

Section: Cell Migration and Axialization Of The Embryomentioning

confidence: 83%

Fibronectin distribution in the chick embryo during formation of the blastula

et al. 1991

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The distribution of the fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) in the chick embryo during formation of the blastula has been evaluated semiquantitatively using an electron microscopical immunogold staining technique. During the first 10 h of postlaying development, fibronectin was found in both embryonic area pellucida and extra-embryonic area opaca of the blastoderm. In the area pellucida, the fibronectin was (1) associated with the basal lamina of the epiblast, (2) present between epiblastic and hypoblastic cells and (3) occasionally internalized in hypoblastic cells. Along the embryonic axis, a transient and high density of ECM was associated with the front of the anteriorly and rapidly expanding hypoblast. Very high density of fibronectin was observed in the marginal zone of the area pellucida, where the epiblastic and deeper cell layers show contacts and intense re-arrangements. In the area opaca, fibronectin was at first found only sporadically between contacting cells, but its density increased steadily and markedly during the first day of development. These rapid and significant changes in the regional distribution of fibronectin-rich ECM are discussed with respect to the early morphogenesis of the chick embryo.

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“…Primitive streak cells can break down the basal lamina and can continue to do so after the initial formation of the streak and the initial lesion in the basal lamina; bits of exogenous primitive streak transplanted ectopically between the hypoblast and the native primitive streak disrupt the basal lamina (Sanders and Prasad, 1986). This capacity is maintained by the ingressed mesenchymal cells, which invade and disrupt basal lamina matrix (Matrigel) in culture, whereas epiblast cells immediately adjacent to the primitive streak, and hence presumably fated to ingress, but not yet ingressing, penetrated the gel as thin tongues of cells without disrupting it (Sanders and Prasad, 1989a).…”

Section: Changes In the Basal Laminamentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanisms, mechanics and function of epithelial–mesenchymal transitions in early development

Shook

Keller

2003

Mechanisms of Development

502

428

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Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) are an important mechanism for reorganizing germ layers and tissues during embryonic development. They have both a morphogenic function in shaping the embryo and a patterning function in bringing about new juxtapositions of tissues, which allow further inductive patterning events to occur [Genesis 28 (2000) 23]. Whereas the mechanics of EMT in cultured cells is relatively well understood [reviewed in Biochem. Pharmacol. 60 (2000) 1091; Cell 105 (2001) 425; Bioessays 23 (2001) 912], surprisingly little is known about EMTs during embryonic development [reviewed in Acta Anat. 154 (1995) 8], and nowhere is the entire process well characterized within a single species. Embryonic (developmental) EMTs have properties that are not seen or are not obvious in culture systems or cancer cells. Developmental EMTs are part of a specific differentiative path and occur at a particular time and place. In some types of embryos, a relatively intact epithelium must be maintained while some of its cells de-epithelialize during EMT. In most cases de-epithelialization (loss of apical junctions) must occur in an orderly, patterned fashion in order that the proper morphogenesis results. Interestingly, we find that de-epithelialization is not always necessarily tightly coupled to the expression of mesenchymal phenotypes.Developmental EMTs are multi-step processes, though the interdependence and obligate order of the steps is not clear. The particulars of the process vary between tissues, species, and specific embryonic context. We will focus on 'primary' developmental EMTs, which are those occurring in the initial epiblast or embryonic epithelium. 'Secondary' developmental EMT events are those occurring in epithelial tissues that have reassembled within the embryo from mesenchymal cells. We will review and compare a number of primary EMT events from across the metazoans, and point out some of the many open questions that remain in this field.

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Epithelial and basement membrane responses to chick embryo primitive streak grafts

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Changes in glycoconjugate expression during early chick embryo development: A lectin‐binding study

Changes in glycoconjugate expression during early chick embryo development: A lectin‐binding study

Fibronectin distribution in the chick embryo during formation of the blastula

Mechanisms, mechanics and function of epithelial–mesenchymal transitions in early development

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