Episodic normal faulting and magmatism during the syn-spreading stage of the Baiyun sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin: response to the multi-phase seafloor spreading of the South China Sea

Deng, Peng; Mei, Lianfu; Liu, Jun; Zheng, Jinyun; Liu, Minghui; Cheng, Zijie; Guo, Fengtai

doi:10.1007/s11001-018-9352-9

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We map six regional stratigraphic boundaries, which we correlated to borehole BY7-1 (T0 (2.58 Ma), T1 (5.0 Ma), T2 (10.5 Ma), T4 (16.5 Ma), T5 (17.5 Ma) and T6 (23.8 Ma); e.g., Deng et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2018;Pang et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2016) (Figure 1b,c). We identify 14 mounded structures in the 3D seismic survey and map their top (TV) and base (BV); the former coincides with T5 (i.e., Early Miocene; Figures 2-4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Igneous rocks dominating the cores of the volcanoes have lower primary porosities and are thus less compactable than the surrounding clastic sediments (e.g., Chopra & Marfurt, 2012). The faults located within sub-volcanic strata (i.e., below surface T5) correspond to those documented by Deng et al (2019) in the adjacent Baiyun Sag (Figure 1a), implying many may have been active before and during volcanism (i.e., during the Oligocene to Middle Miocene; ca. Relatively slow and continuous growth of these folds is supported by the observations that related growth strata progressively thin towards the fold and do not onlap a discrete surface (Figures 4a and 7).…”

Section: Interaction Between Volcano Complexes and Normal Faultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Though one sample from the erupted materials was dated to 35.5 ± 2.78 Ma (Paleocene;Qin, 2000), how long magmatism lasted cannot be determined in this stage, because the base of the volcanic pile is not penetrated or dated. Normal faulting, which occurred prior to the main Miocene eruptive phase, offset the clastic strata (Deng et al, 2019). Normal faulting, which occurred prior to the main Miocene eruptive phase, offset the clastic strata (Deng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Model For Volcano-tectono Interactions and Related Fluid Flowmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During continental rifting (Late Cretaceous-Early Oligocene), non-marine mudstones and coals, which now represent the main hydrocarbon source rocks within the region, were deposited in the fault-bound depocentre sags (Huang, Xiao, & Zhang, 2003;Zhang & Huang, 1991). During the syn-to-post rift transition, the Nanhai Event caused three active periods of normal faulting (32-29 Ma,, which can be tied to initial opening, ridge jump and maximum extension events in the SCS ocean basin (Deng et al, 2019). During the syn-to-post rift transition, the Nanhai Event caused three active periods of normal faulting (32-29 Ma,, which can be tied to initial opening, ridge jump and maximum extension events in the SCS ocean basin (Deng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early Miocene volcanoes were emplaced at broadly the same time as hydrocarbons generation in the deeply buried source rocks, but before the main stage of hydrocarbon migration (since ca. Given their spatial and temporal relationship, and normal faults caused by the Nanhai Event may provide pathways for the Early Miocene volcanoes have been genetically related (Deng et al, 2019). Given their spatial and temporal relationship, and normal faults caused by the Nanhai Event may provide pathways for the Early Miocene volcanoes have been genetically related (Deng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deeply buried ancient volcanoes control hydrocarbon migration in the South China Sea

et al. 2019

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Seismic reflection data image now‐buried and inactive volcanoes, both onshore and along the submarine portions of continental margins. However, the impact that these volcanoes have on later, post‐eruption fluid flow events (e.g., hydrocarbon migration and accumulation) is poorly understood. Determining how buried volcanoes and their underlying plumbing systems influence subsurface fluid or gas flow, or form traps for hydrocarbon accumulations, is critical to de‐risk hydrocarbon exploration and production. Here, we focus on evaluating how buried volcanoes affect the bulk permeability of hydrocarbon seals, and channel and focus hydrocarbons. We use high‐resolution 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the northern South China Sea to show how ca. <10 km wide, ca. <590 m high Miocene volcanoes, buried several kilometres (ca. 1.9 km) below the seabed and fed by a sub‐volcanic plumbing system that exploited rift‐related faults: (i) acted as long‐lived migration pathways, and perhaps reservoirs, for hydrocarbons generated from even more deeply buried (ca. 8–10 km) source rocks; and (ii) instigated differential compaction and doming of the overburden during subsequent burial, producing extensional faults that breached regional seal rocks. Considering that volcanism and related deformation are both common on many magma‐rich passive margins, the interplay between the magmatic products and hydrocarbon migration documented here may be more common than currently thought. Our results demonstrate that now‐buried and inactive volcanoes can locally degrade hydrocarbon reservoir seals and control the migration of hydrocarbon‐rich fluids and gas. These fluids and gases can migrate into and be stored in shallower reservoirs, where they may then represent geohazards to drilling and impact slope stability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interaction Between Volcano Complexes and Normal Faultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Model For Volcano-tectono Interactions and Related Fluid Flowmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deeply buried ancient volcanoes control hydrocarbon migration in the South China Sea

et al. 2019

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Structural characteristics and development model of fluid diapirs within the structural transition zone, northern South China Sea

Qin,

Liu,

Peng

et al. 2024

Geological Journal

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Fluid diapirs are widespread in the northern South China Sea (SCS), are significant indicators of the existence and distribution of hydrocarbons and natural gas hydrates and are of great petroleum geological significance. Based on high‐precision 3D seismic and drilling data, this paper analyses the tectonic features and genetic mechanism of a fluid diapir zone in the northern SCS and a development model of fluid diapirs is proposed herein. Studies have revealed that the northern SCS large‐scale fluid diapir zone is located within a concealed structural transition zone, which is consistent with the spatial distribution location and direction of a concealed structural transition zone and that the formation of a fluid diapir zone is strongly influenced by the structural transition zone. Fluid diapirs are large continuously spreading bright reflection zones in shallow surface layers and are downwards converging high‐variance ribbons in middle and shallow layers, all of which are spreading in a NW–NNW orientation on the plane. The profile shows a conical or mushroom‐shaped shape that converges from shallow to deep, with a height of approximately 7 km and is characterized by a compound gas chimney fuzzy zone. The main body of the concealed structural transition zone is a slope structure and is flanked by large‐scale NW–NNW‐oriented fault systems. Minor en echelon spreading NW–NNW‐oriented faults and fractures are developed within the structural transition zone and are soft linkages that match well with the distribution direction and location of the fluid diapirs. On the profile, the overall display is a composite flower‐like structure dispersed from deep to shallow, which belongs to a large strike‐slip fault zone with a tectonic transformation effect. A comprehensive analysis suggests that the formation and development of the structural transition zone are mainly controlled by pre‐existing structures in the basement and that minor faults, fractures and slope zones within the structural transition zone serve as dominant pathways for the migration of deep overpressure fluids and gas hydrates. Consequently, the concealed structural transition zone provides favourable conditions for fluid diapirs to develop. Moreover, the stratigraphic overpressure systems mainly caused by gas generation provided the main driving force for the formation of fluid diapirs. Obviously, the development location, distribution direction, formation and evolution of the northern SCS fluid diapirs are jointly controlled by internal minor faults and fractures of the Eocene‐Miocene structural transition zone and the overpressure of the rifting period after the Pliocene. The main development period of the northern SCS large‐scale fluid diapirs was the second phase of the Dongsha Movement. During the exploration of gas hydrates and hydrocarbons in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, it is essential to consider the mutually restricting relationships between fluid diapir structures and gas hydrates and hydrocarbons.

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Submarine volcanism in the southern margin of the South China Sea

et al. 2023

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Episodic normal faulting and magmatism during the syn-spreading stage of the Baiyun sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin: response to the multi-phase seafloor spreading of the South China Sea

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Deeply buried ancient volcanoes control hydrocarbon migration in the South China Sea

Deeply buried ancient volcanoes control hydrocarbon migration in the South China Sea

Structural characteristics and development model of fluid diapirs within the structural transition zone, northern South China Sea

Submarine volcanism in the southern margin of the South China Sea

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