Episodic Neogene Southward Growth of the Andean Subduction Orogen between 30°S and 40°S — Plate Motions, Mantle Flow, Climate, and Upper-Plate Structure

Vietor, Tim; Echtler, Helmut

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48684-8_18

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…This transition zone between the higher South-Central and the Patagonian Andes is also marked by only limited orogenic contraction in time and space. Low amounts of Neogene orogenic shortening is restricted in the Lonquimay area to a period between~13 and 8 Ma and does not contribute to considerable exhumation (Vietor and Echtler 2006). Surprisingly low amounts of total Cenozoic exhumation are further inferred from the Eocene AFT ages of around 50 Ma in Jurassic strata close to the continental divide in the Andes near Termas del Flaco, 35°S (Waite et al 2005).…”

Section: Exhumation History Of the Andean Main Cordilleramentioning

confidence: 95%

Mesozoic to Quaternary continental margin dynamics in South-Central Chile (36–42°S): the apatite and zircon fission track perspective

Glodny

Gräfe

Echtler

et al. 2007

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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100

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Section: Exhumation History Of the Andean Main Cordilleramentioning

confidence: 95%

Mesozoic to Quaternary continental margin dynamics in South-Central Chile (36–42°S): the apatite and zircon fission track perspective

Glodny

Gräfe

Echtler

et al. 2007

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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100

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“…However, this region comprises the broken-foreland province of the Sierras Pampeanas that experiences active deformation and destructive earthquakes (Jordan and Allmendinger, 1986;Allmendinger et al, 1990). (3) South of 31°S, total shortening is significantly reduced and south of 37° shortening has stopped at the end of Miocene (Vietor and Echtler, 2006). South of 33°S the western onshore margin shows a pronounced morphotectonic segmentation integrating the forearc Coastal Cordillera, the Central Depression, and the Main Cordillera (Muñoz et al, 2000).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, the Andean shortening rate decreases southward, absolute shortening is reduced by more than 30 % from high shortening (> 300 km) to low shortening (< 100 km) at around 30°S (e.g. Allmendinger et al, 1990;Vietor and Echtler, 2006) (Figure 1). We observe the local relief maximum at 28° to 35°S, and thereby already in a sector where shortening is low.…”

Section: Relations Between Climate and Basin Morphometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The topographic imprint of a transient climate episode: the western Andean flank between 15·5° and 41·5°S

Rehak

Bookhagen

Strecker

et al. 2010

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Mountain-range topography is determined by the complex interplay between tectonics and climate. However, often it is not clear to what extent climate forces topographic evolution and how past climatic episodes are reflected in relief. The Andes are a tectonically active mountain belt encompassing various climatic zones with pronounced differences in rainfall and glacier extent under similar plate-boundary conditions. In the Central to South-Western Andes climatic zones range from hyperarid desert with mean annual rainfall of 5 mm/a (22.5°S) to year-round humidity with 2500 mm/a (40°S). The Andes thus provide a unique setting for investigating the relationship between climate and topography. We present the analysis of 120 catchments along the western Andean watersheds between 15.5° and 41.5°S, which is based on SRTMV3-90m data and the new medium-resolution rainfall (TRMM) dataset. For each basin, we extracted geometry, relief, and climate parameters to test whether Andean topography shows a climatic imprint and to analyze how climate influences relief. Our data document that elevation and relief decrease with increasing rainfall and descending snowline elevation. Furthermore, we show that local relief reaches high values of 750 m in a zone between 28° to 35°S. During Pleistocene glacial stages this region was affected by the northward shifting southern hemisphere Westerlies, which provided moisture for valley-glacier formation and extended glacial coverage as well as glacial erosion. In contrast, the southern regions between 35° to 40°S receive higher rainfall and have a lower local relief of 200 m, probably related to an increased drainage density. We distinguish two different, climatically-controlled mechanisms shaping topography: (1) fluvial erosion by prolonged channel-hillslope coupling, which smoothes relief, and (2) erosion by valley glaciers that generates relief. Finally, our results suggests that the catchment-scale relief of the Andes between 28° to 35°S is characterized by a pronounced transient component reflecting past climatic conditions.

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“…A significant ecosystem change at ~16.5 Ma was reported from the Argentinean foreland of the Patagonian Andes by Blisniuk et al (2005), who interpreted shifts in δ 13 C and δ 18 O values as consequences of more than 1 km of surface uplift of the Southern Andes and related increased aridity resulting from development of a rain shadow. This major uplift should have resulted in increased precipitation and erosion on the western flank of the Andes, which likely would have triggered changes in subduction mode through increased sedimentation rates in the trench (Melnick and Echtler, 2006;Vietor and Echtler, 2006). Increased supply of sediments, possibly in conjunction with a drop in sea level, may have led to abandonment of Navidad-type depositional centers and to sediment bypass towards the deep ocean.…”

Section: Climate Paleoceanography and Tectonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Miocene subtropical water temperatures in the southeast Pacific

Nielsen

Glodny

2009

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Cenozoic climate of western South America is strongly controlled by features like Andean uplift and the Humboldt Current. The first strontium isotope age data from central and southern Chile provide a latest Oligocene to late early Miocene age for classic warm-water mollusk faunas reaching as far south as 45°S.Comparison with the biogeography of congeneric living species indicates that sea surface temperatures off central and southern Chile during that time were at least 5°C higher than today; i.e., minimum annual mean sea surface temperatures for Darwin's Navidad fauna at 34°S are estimated as 20°C. As expected, the number of tropical taxa decreases towards the south but several are still present as far south as 45°S. The ages scatter relatively broadly between ~24 and ~16 Ma, partly even within individual localities. Shallow water and deeper water faunas are revealed to have similar ages. When considered in light of convincing micropaleontological evidence for late Miocene to early Pliocene depositional ages, the Srisotope data support a hypothesis that the mollusk fauna is reworked.

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Episodic Neogene Southward Growth of the Andean Subduction Orogen between 30°S and 40°S — Plate Motions, Mantle Flow, Climate, and Upper-Plate Structure

Cited by 29 publications

References 136 publications

Mesozoic to Quaternary continental margin dynamics in South-Central Chile (36–42°S): the apatite and zircon fission track perspective

Mesozoic to Quaternary continental margin dynamics in South-Central Chile (36–42°S): the apatite and zircon fission track perspective

The topographic imprint of a transient climate episode: the western Andean flank between 15·5° and 41·5°S

Early Miocene subtropical water temperatures in the southeast Pacific

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