Epilepsy or paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis?

Beaumanoir, A; Mira, L; Lierde, A. Van

doi:10.1016/0387-7604(95)00112-3

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…During episodes BTs remained fully conscious throughout despite movement affecting all four limbs, whereas if this was due to epileptic seizure activity it would imply bilateral cerebral hemisphere involvement which would be expected to impair consciousness (Beaumanoir et al . ). Simple focal seizures in which consciousness is normally intact have clinical signs that are suggestive of unilateral cerebral hemisphere involvement and therefore unilateral clinical signs (Licht et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phenotypic characterisation of canine epileptoid cramping syndrome in the Border terrier

Black

Garosi

Lowrie

et al. 2013

J of Small Animal Practice

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OBJECTIVESTo characterise the phenotype of Border terriers suspected to be affected by canine epileptoid cramping syndrome and to identify possible contributing factors.METHODSOwners of Border terriers with suspected canine epileptoid cramping syndrome were invited to complete an online questionnaire. The results of these responses were collated and analysed.RESULTSTwenty-nine Border terriers were included. Most affected dogs had their first episode before 3 years of age (range: 0·2 to 7·0 years). The majority of episodes lasted between 2 and 30 minutes (range: 0·5 to 150 minutes). The most frequent observations during the episodes were difficulty in walking (27 of 29), mild tremor (21 of 29) and dystonia (22 of 29). Episodes most frequently affected all four limbs (25 of 29) and the head and neck (21 of 29). Borborygmi were reported during episodes in 11 of 29 dogs. Episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea occurred in 14 of 29, with 50% of these being immediately before or after episodes of canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (7 of 14). Most owners (26 of 29) had changed their dog's diet, with approximately 50% (14 of 26) reporting a subsequent reduction in the frequency of episodes.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis study demonstrates similarities in the phenotype of canine epileptoid cramping syndrome to paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis, a paroxysmal dyskinesia reported in humans. This disorder appears to be associated with gastrointestinal signs in some dogs and appears at least partially responsive to dietary adjustments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phenotypic characterisation of canine epileptoid cramping syndrome in the Border terrier

Black

Garosi

Lowrie

et al. 2013

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…Differentiation of dyskinesia from epilepsy in people relies mainly upon lack of both postictal signs and altered consciousness during an episode. Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring for typical postictal abnormalities allows more accurate differentiation (Beaumanoir and others 1996) but is not widely available for animals and difficult to perform in dogs because of the interference from the large temporal muscles. EEG was not carried out in this case, so the diagnosis of paroxysmal dyskinesia was based on finding clinical signs that were inconsistent with partial epileptic seizures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticonvulsant responsive, episodic movement disorder in a German shorthaired pointer

Harcourt-Brown¹

2008

J of Small Animal Practice

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An episodic movement disorder is described in a young German shorthaired pointer. Movement disorders are rare, but well-described, neurological conditions in human beings. An attempt is made to classify this disorder using current human guidelines. Unlike previously described movement disorders in dogs, this case responded very well to two commonly used anticonvulsant therapies, suggesting that trial therapy with these drugs is worthwhile in similar cases.

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“…Some authors11, 12 considered choreoathetosic paroxysms in their patients as a particular form of reflex epilepsy triggered by movement. At present, the close relationships between “kinesigenic” paroxysmal choreoathetosis and epilepsy remain undefined and still a matter of debate 8, 18–20. Moreover, the review of the literature cases about the specific form of PED and the new additional phenotypes emphasise the complexity of the elaboration of an appropriate classification, which can include all the aspects of the extrapiramidal paroxysmal disorders, since they also exhibit clinical heterogeneity within and between the classical and well‐defined forms 21–24.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia, epilepsy, and mental retardation in a family with autosomal dominant inheritance

et al. 2001

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Only few sporadic and familial cases of paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED) have been described in literature. PED associated with familial epilepsy has been rarely reported. We describe a family in which six members in different generations were affected by a long-lasting PED, with childhood onset in five cases. Fasting and stress were also precipitating factors. All the subjects, moreover, showed epileptic seizures during childhood and adolescence. In addition, in all cases a condition of mild mental retardation was also documented, associated in some cases, with irritable and impulsive behaviour. Clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings were reported. The homogeneous recurrence of this particular clinical picture in members of three generations emphasised a common genetic basis. In our patients, PED is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, with age-dependent penetrance, without evidence of genetic anticipation. The neurophysiological findings suggest a condition of hyperexcitability in the muscular and brain membrane, due to a ion channels disorder.

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Epilepsy or paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis?

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Phenotypic characterisation of canine epileptoid cramping syndrome in the Border terrier

Phenotypic characterisation of canine epileptoid cramping syndrome in the Border terrier

Anticonvulsant responsive, episodic movement disorder in a German shorthaired pointer

Familial paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia, epilepsy, and mental retardation in a family with autosomal dominant inheritance

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