Epigenetics: spotlight on type 2 diabetes and obesity

Desiderio, Antonella; Spinelli, Rosa; Ciccarelli, Marco; Nigro, Cecilia; Miele, Claudia; Béguinot, Francesco; Raciti, Gregory Alexander

doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0473-1

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…These results are highly consistent with the thrifty phenotype hypothesis [8]. Interestingly, the seasonal pattern of birth was found to be very similar in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting shared early-life etiological causation for both disorders [97]. In more recent research by Jensen et al [98], no evidence for seasonality of birth in Danish patients with T2D was found.…”

Section: Seasonality Of Birthsupporting

confidence: 82%

Early-Life Nutritional Programming of Type 2 Diabetes: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence

Vaiserman

2017

Nutrients

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Consistent evidence from both experimental and human studies suggest that inadequate nutrition in early life can contribute to risk of developing metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adult life. In human populations, most findings supporting a causative relationship between early-life malnutrition and subsequent risk of T2D were obtained from quasi-experimental studies (‘natural experiments’). Prenatal and/or early postnatal exposures to famine were demonstrated to be associated with higher risk of T2D in many cohorts around the world. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of epigenetic regulation of gene expression as a possible major contributor to the link between the early-life famine exposure and T2D in adulthood. Findings from these studies suggest that prenatal exposure to the famine may result in induction of persistent epigenetic changes that have adaptive significance in postnatal development but can predispose to metabolic disorders including T2D at the late stages of life. In this review, quasi-experimental data on the developmental programming of T2D are summarized and recent research findings on changes in DNA methylation that mediate these effects are discussed.

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Section: Seasonality Of Birthsupporting

confidence: 82%

Early-Life Nutritional Programming of Type 2 Diabetes: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence

Vaiserman

2017

Nutrients

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“…PDX‐1 is hyper‐methylated in T2D individuals compared to controls, and CpG promoter and enhancer region activity is positively correlated with DNA methylation (Yang et al, ). Recent information provides further evidence which supports the view that “methylation changes predispose to T2D and deserve to be considered further as T2D markers” (Desiderio et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Pima Indians are the quintessential example of human biology operating at the intersection of the genome and environment—the genetics are the same but the environments and phenotypic responses vary (Schulz et al, ). Substantial evidence suggests that environment‐induced epigenetic changes (hypo‐ or hypermethylation of DNA regions) contribute significantly to T2D (Desiderio et al, ). For example, PGGI‐d in pancreatic islets are highly methylated in T2D individuals compared to normal controls (Ling et al, ); similar findings have been noted in skeletal muscle tissue (Barrès et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural selection and type 2 diabetes‐associated mortality in an isolated indigenous community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico

Little

Reyes

Malina

2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Epigenetic mechanisms, e.g. DNA methylation, may also play an important role in pathogenesis of some diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes [ 17 , 18 ]. It was shown that high-fat diet alters methylation pattern of the mice Mc4r gene [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism and methylation of the MC4R gene in obese and non-obese dogs

et al. 2017

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The dog is considered to be a useful biomedical model for human diseases and disorders, including obesity. One of the numerous genes associated with human polygenic obesity is MC4R, encoding the melanocortin 4 receptor. The aim of our study was to analyze polymorphisms and methylation of the canine MC4R in relation to adiposity. Altogether 270 dogs representing four breeds predisposed to obesity: Labrador Retriever (n = 187), Golden Retriever (n = 38), Beagle (n = 28) and Cocker Spaniel (n = 17), were studied. The dogs were classified into three groups: lean, overweight and obese, according to the 5-point Body Condition Score (BCS) scale. In the cohort of Labradors a complete phenotypic data (age, sex, neutering status, body weight and BCS) were collected for 127 dogs. The entire coding sequence as well as 5′ and 3′-flanking regions of the studied gene were sequenced and six polymorphic sites were reported. Genotype frequencies differed considerably between breeds and Labrador Retrievers appeared to be the less polymorphic. Moreover, distribution of some polymorphic variants differed significantly (P < 0.05) between small cohorts with diverse BCS in Golden Retrievers (c.777T>C, c.868C>T and c.*33C>G) and Beagles (c.-435T>C and c.637G>T). On the contrary, in Labradors no association between the studied polymorphisms and BCS or body weight was observed. Methylation analysis, using bisulfite DNA conversion followed by Sanger sequencing, was carried out for 12 dogs with BCS = 3 and 12 dogs with BCS = 5. Two intragenic CpG islands, containing 19 cytosines, were analyzed and the methylation profile did not differ significantly between lean and obese animals. We conclude that an association of the MC4R gene polymorphism with dog obesity or body weight is unlikely, in spite of the fact that some associations were found in small cohorts of Beagles and Golden Retrievers. Also methylation level of this gene is not related with dog adiposity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11033-017-4114-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Epigenetics: spotlight on type 2 diabetes and obesity

Cited by 31 publications

References 83 publications

Early-Life Nutritional Programming of Type 2 Diabetes: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence

Early-Life Nutritional Programming of Type 2 Diabetes: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence

Natural selection and type 2 diabetes‐associated mortality in an isolated indigenous community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico

Polymorphism and methylation of the MC4R gene in obese and non-obese dogs

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