Natural selection and type 2 diabetes‐associated mortality in an isolated indigenous community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico

Little, Bertis B.; Reyes, María Eugenia Peña; Malina, Robert M.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23139

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The community is apparently experiencing a nutritional transition (Popkin, 2002(Popkin, , 2004Popkin et al, 2012) as evident in an increased prevalence of overweight and to a lesser extent obesity among adults in contrast to children and adolescents in 2000 . Mortality attributed to type 2 diabetes, which is symptomatic of the nutritional transition, has also increased significantly in the community between the 1990s and 2009 (Little et al, 2017). For convenience, 1955 and1985 were accepted, respectively, as the years of the demographic and epidemiologic transitions.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Secular trends are associated with the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico

Malina

Little

Reyes

2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Secular trends are associated with the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico

Malina

Little

Reyes

2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Approximately 90% of diabetics are overweight or obese [27]. However, in a genetic isolate from the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico where the prevalence of T2D is estimated at 20%, overweight was moderate (males 46%, females 47%) but obesity was low (5% males, 14% females) [28]. Differential fat deposition to the trunk in T2D rather than general overweight and appendicular obesity is apparently a risk factor in the Zapotecs from Oaxaca [28], similar to the Maroons in the present investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Type 2 Diabetes among Female Jamaican Maroons from a Genetic Isolate: Physical Characteristics and Prevalence

Forrester¹,

Ghosh²,

Lanceta³

et al. 2017

Int J Diabetes Clin Diagn

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The purpose of this study was to analyze type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adult female Jamaican Maroons, comparing those with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). A health survey was conducted with a self-selected sample of female heads of household (n=116). Comparisons used analysis of variance/ covariance (ANOVA/ANCOVA), cross tabulations, and logistic regression and resampling with listwise deletion of missing values (n=86). T2D women were significantly older than non-T2D women (71.7 years vs. 57.0 years, p < 0.01). Hip circumference (cm), BMI, fat mass (FM) (kg), and percent body fat were significantly lower in T2D women compared to non-T2D women. Obesity was significantly more frequent in non-T2D women (OR = 0.16, p < 0.05). Notably, waist:hip ratio was higher among T2D women compared to non-T2D individuals (0.95 vs. 0.88, p < 0.04). Mean systolic blood pressure among T2D women (152.8 mmHg) was significantly (p < 0.04) higher than non-T2D females (134.7 mmHg). The estimated prevalence of T2D among Maroon females (16/116) was 13.79% (95% CI: 8.67% -21.24%), which is similar to non-Maroon Jamaican populations. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression showed that women self-reporting T2D tended to have: a higher waist circumference (OR=1.22, p < 0.01), decreased FM(OR=0.71, p < 0.001), higher systolic pressure (OR=1.06, p < 0.007), lower diastolic pressure (OR=0.90, p < 0.02), and a first-degree relative with T2D (OR = 9.11, p < 0.03). This is the first report on T2D in Jamaican Maroons. Abdominal (central) obesity, body composition, and systolic hypertension were associated with T2D. Central fat distribution predicted T2D rather than overweight or obesity per se. The prevalence of T2D in this small sample of women from a genetic isolate in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica was significantly lower compared to admixed urban Jamaicans.

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“…About 90% of household heads were full-time farmers in 1978 [27]. The proportion of full-time farmers had declined to about 30% by 2000 [28] [29] which reflected, in part, a breakdown in economic isolation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 Diabetes Phenotype in a Small Isolated Zapotec-Speaking Community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Southern Mexico

Little¹,

Malina²,

Reyes³

et al. 2020

OJEMD

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) phenotype in an indigenous population is characterized by proportionally short legs and obesity. Methods: Anthropometric characteristics were compared in females and males with T2DM (n = 20, n = 8, respectively) and without T2DM (n = 117, n = 93, respectively). Factor analysis derived dimensions were regressed on T2DM in logistic regression. Results: Weight, sitting height ratio and hip circumference were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in females, while waist: hip ratio was significantly higher among women and men with T2DM (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.008, respectively). Arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, and right and left grip strength were significantly lower among T2DM women (p < 0.0001 for each). Five rotated principal components accounted for 86.7% of the variance: muscular (grip) strength (29.6%), body mass (27.9%), central adiposity (10.7%), body height (9.3%), and trunk length (9.2%). Regression of factors on T2DM status among females indicated muscle strength (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04-0.71) and central adiposity (OR = 13.76, 95% CI: 3.80-49.83) were predictors of T2DM. In males, muscle strength (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.07-1.08, p < 0.06) and central adiposity significantly predicted T2DM (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 95% 1.11-9.04, p < 0.008). Conclusion: Reduced muscle strength/mass and increased central adiposity characterize the T2DM phenotype.

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Natural selection and type 2 diabetes‐associated mortality in an isolated indigenous community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico

Abstract: T2D-associated mortality increased in frequency as natural selection decreased, and favored offspring survival of non-T2D descedants. The results indicated statistically significant directional selection against T2D and imputed T2D to this population isolate.

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Secular trends are associated with the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico

Secular trends are associated with the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico

A Pilot Study of Type 2 Diabetes among Female Jamaican Maroons from a Genetic Isolate: Physical Characteristics and Prevalence

Type 2 Diabetes Phenotype in a Small Isolated Zapotec-Speaking Community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Southern Mexico

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