Epigenetics and depression: return of the repressed

Dalton, Victoria S.; Kolshus, Erik; McLoughlin, Declan M.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.028

Cited by 104 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Most work on mental health and epigenetics is in adults, but some work involving children is beginning to emerge (84,85). A growing literature shows that epigenetic patterns are related to depression and depressive-like symptoms, but these are often cross-sectional studies (86,87). In one study, OXTR methylation at birth was associated with callous and unemotional traits, but not internalizing behaviors, later in adolescence (62).…”

Section: Epigenetics and Children’s Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation, early life environment, and health outcomes

2015

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Epigenetics, and especially DNA methylation, have recently become provocative biological explanations for early-life environmental effects on later health. Despite the large increase in papers on the topic over the last few years, many questions remain with regards to the biological feasibility of this mechanism and the strength of the evidence to date. In this review, we examine the literature on early-life effects on epigenetic patterns, with special emphasis on social environmental influences. First, we review the basic biology of epigenetic modification of DNA and debate the role of early-life stressful, protective, and positive environments on gene-specific, system-specific, and whole-genome epigenetic patterns later in life. Second, we compare the epigenetic literatures of both humans and other animals and review the research linking epigenetic patterns to health in order to complete the mechanistic pathway. Third, we discuss physical environmental and social environmental effects, which have to date, generally not been jointly considered. Finally, we close with a discussion of the current state of the area’s research, its future direction, and its potential use in pediatric health.

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Section: Epigenetics and Children’s Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation, early life environment, and health outcomes

2015

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“…(c) Neopterin: Levels of plasma neopterin are increased in depressed patients [31][32][33][34][35] -particularly in patients suffering from melancholia [33,36]. patterns of genes have been associated with depression, with epigenetic modifications of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-6 (BDNF-6) exon being found in adolescent offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy [40,41]. Methylation changes affecting the glucocorticoid receptor [42][43][44] and serotonin transporters [45] have been reported in children (not in adults) following exposure of mothers to prenatal stressors such as smoking, maternal depression, partner violence and war [40,45].…”

Section: Major Depressive Disorder (Mdd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of psychiatric diseases: Current status and future prospects

Kalia¹,

Silva²

2015

Metabolism

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“…It was shown previously that there is an association between SLEs and epigenetic modification of gene expression [50]. These influences on gene expression may provide an additional explanation for the currently missing heritability.…”

Section: Considerations In Genetic Analysis Of Mddmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Genetics of MDD – A Review of Challenges and Opportunities

Heutink¹

2014

J Depress Anxiety

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Abstract:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized among others by prolonged depressed mood, a loss of interest in enjoyable activities, psychomotor retardation and various cognitive symptoms. Although exact numbers of prevalence may differ between various western countries, partly due to a social taboo of the illness, the life-time prevalence in the USA and Western Europe lies around 15%. Women are more likely to be struck by MDD than men, often with a first episode between 30-40 years of age, with a smaller second peak around 50-60 years of age. Although MDD may appear as a "stand alone" disease, 33% of patients with a chronic illness report symptoms of major depression. In addition, approximately 72% of patients diagnosed with MDD also have a second mental illness diagnosed, in most cases generalized anxiety disorder or a social phobia. Although some patients may only experience a single episode, MDD often appears in multiple episodes.

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Epigenetics and depression: return of the repressed

Cited by 104 publications

References 133 publications

DNA methylation, early life environment, and health outcomes

DNA methylation, early life environment, and health outcomes

Biomarkers of psychiatric diseases: Current status and future prospects

The Genetics of MDD – A Review of Challenges and Opportunities

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