Epigenetic mechanisms leading to genetic flexibility during abiotic stress responses in microalgae: A review

Bačová, Romana; Koláčková, Martina; Klejdus, Bořivoj; Adam, Vojtěch; Húska, Dalibor

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.101999

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…In C. merolae , as mentioned in the Introduction, SIG2 and SIG4 are involved in phycobilisome levels, raising the possibility of mutation in the two genes. Furthermore, it is known that epigenetics play important roles in adaptation to environmental changes, such as light, heat shock, and nutrient conditions ( Bacova et al., 2020 ). So, it raises also the possibility of mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators for transcription of NblA , ClpC , SIG2 , SIG4 , and other genes involved in PBS levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autofluorescence-based high-throughput isolation of nonbleaching Cyanidioschyzon merolae strains under nitrogen-depletion

Takeue

Kuroyama²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Photosynthetic organisms maintain optimum levels of photosynthetic pigments in response to environmental changes to adapt to the conditions. The identification of cyanobacteria strains that alleviate bleaching has revealed genes that regulate levels of phycobilisome, the main light-harvesting complex. In contrast, the mechanisms of pigment degradation in algae remain unclear, as no nonbleaching strains have previously been isolated. To address this issue, this study attempted to isolate nonbleaching strains of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae after exposure to nitrogen (N)-depletion based on autofluorescence information. After four weeks under N-depletion, 13 cells from 500,000 cells with almost identical pre- and post-depletion chlorophyll a (Chl a) and/or phycocyanin autofluorescence intensities were identified. These nonbleaching candidate strains were sorted via a cell sorter, isolated on solid medium, and their post-N-depletion Chl a and phycocyanin levels were analyzed. Chl a levels of these nonbleaching candidate strains were lower at 1–4 weeks of N-depletion similar to the control strains, however, their phycocyanin levels were unchanged. Thus, we successfully isolated nonbleaching C. merolae strains in which phycocyanin was not degraded under N-depletion, via autofluorescence spectroscopy and cell sorting. This versatile method will help to elucidate the mechanisms regulating pigments in microalgae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autofluorescence-based high-throughput isolation of nonbleaching Cyanidioschyzon merolae strains under nitrogen-depletion

Takeue

Kuroyama²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The priming stimuli salinity transmitted warning signals to the cellular machinery, which induced physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic changes in organisms [75]. Environmental stress could influence the epigenetic processes and generate particular defense changes to adapt to extreme fluctuations in environmental conditions such as salinity across generations [76]. The technique, salt-priming appeared a simple and preferred way to develop salt tolerant cyanobacterium to improve the nitrogen status of the saline fields.…”

Section: Salt Stress Priming and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity: Translating information from model microbes into crop plants

Sharma¹,

Singh²,

Kumar³

2021

ScienceAsia

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Because of the gradual increase in soil salinity worldwide, the study of halophiles nowadays is an important emergent discipline. High salinity limits the microbe's diversity, community structure and their metabolic activities, consequently reducing the soil fertility. This leads to decreased crop yield that presents a grave and global socioeconomic problem. Crop plants are relatively more sensitive, and their growth inhibition and reduction in the yield usually occur at salinity of 50 mM or above. Halophilic and halotolerant organisms that live and acclimate/adopt to high salinity environments have various strategies to survive, protect their proteins and other cellular processes to grow in the challenging environment. They possess efficient mechanisms to sense the stress signals by, for instance, signal transducing systems, alteration of the composition of the membranes, exclusion of Na + and prevention of K + leakage from the cells, and synthesis of organic solutes. In this article, we also discuss the responses of these organisms such as alteration in photosynthesis and respiration, nitrogen nutrition, reactive oxygen generation and programmed cell death, and adjustment and/or adaptation to salt stress, along with the exploration of efforts like salt priming and memory, and genetic engineering for developing salt tolerant crop plants.

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“…In fact, in the presence of persistent stress, the epigenetic mechanism establishes a DNA methylation-dependent stress memory in plants, mainly due to GC-rich sequences methylation [ 21 , 23 , 24 ]; this mechanism ensures the faithful transferring of the “stress memory” to the offspring [ 25 ]. Despite changes in DNA methylation associated with environmental stress have been reported [ 26 , 27 ], epigenetic factors involved in the stress response and their implications in algae remain poorly understood [ 28 , 29 ]. The current understanding of DNA methylation in algae and the recent progress in the epigenetic reprogramming involved in algal environmental responses will be discussed and summarised in this review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Methylation in Algae and Its Impact on Abiotic Stress Responses

Ferrari

Muto

Bruno

et al. 2023

Plants

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Epigenetics, referring to heritable gene regulatory information that is independent of changes in DNA sequences, is an important mechanism involved both in organism development and in the response to environmental events. About the epigenetic marks, DNA methylation is one of the most conserved mechanisms, playing a pivotal role in organism response to several biotic and abiotic stressors. Indeed, stress can induce changes in gene expression through hypo- or hyper-methylation of DNA at specific loci and/or in DNA methylation at the genome-wide level, which has an adaptive significance and can direct genome evolution. Exploring DNA methylation in responses to abiotic stress could have important implications for improving stress tolerance in algae. This article summarises the DNA methylation pattern in algae and its impact on abiotic stress, such as heavy metals, nutrients and temperature. Our discussion provides information for further research in algae for a better comprehension of the epigenetic response under abiotic stress, which could favour important implications to sustain algae growth under abiotic stress conditions, often related to high biosynthesis of interesting metabolites.

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Epigenetic mechanisms leading to genetic flexibility during abiotic stress responses in microalgae: A review

Cited by 17 publications

References 117 publications

Autofluorescence-based high-throughput isolation of nonbleaching Cyanidioschyzon merolae strains under nitrogen-depletion

Autofluorescence-based high-throughput isolation of nonbleaching Cyanidioschyzon merolae strains under nitrogen-depletion

Salinity: Translating information from model microbes into crop plants

DNA Methylation in Algae and Its Impact on Abiotic Stress Responses

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