Epigallocatechin-3-gallate local pre-exposure application prevents SHIV rectal infection of macaques

Abstract

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural and major ingredient of green tea, has been shown to have anti-inflammation and anti-HIV-1 properties. We demonstrated that the intrarectal administration of EGCG could protect rhesus macaques from repetitive, intrarectal challenges with low-dose SHIVSF162P3N. This protection has a per-exposure risk reduction of 91.5% (P=0.0009; log-rank test) and a complete protection of 87.5% (P<0.001; Fisher's exact test). All protected animals showed no evidence of systemic and mucosal SHIV infection as demonstrated by the absence of viral RNA, DNA and antibodies. In contrast, all controls became infected after repeated SHIV challenges (a median of 2.5 times, range of 1-8 times). Mechanistically, EGCG could block the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 receptor and suppress the macrophage infiltration/activation in the rectal mucosa of macaques. These data support further clinical evaluation and development of EGCG as a novel, safe and cost-effective microbicide for preventing sexual transmission of HIV-1.

Oral, but not rectal delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates colitis by regulating the gut microbiota, oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier integrity

“…Consistent with ndings from previous studies [19,[37][38][39], oral administration of EGCG also suppressed colonic in ammation as exempli ed by suppression of in ammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in both the plasma and colon of DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, we found that rectal delivery of EGCG failed to attenuate intestinal in ammation and pathology, which was also supported by its little toxicity on rectal mucosa [40]. Moreover, we showed in this study that both prophylactic and therapeutic oral administration of EGCG signi cantly attenuated DSS-induced oxidative stress by increasing the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as T-SOD and CAT, and decreasing the production of MDA in the colon and plasma.…”

Epigallocatechin Gallate from Green Tea Effectively Blocks Infection of SARS-CoV-2 and New Variants by Inhibiting Spike Binding to ACE2 Receptor

“…Green tea is the most consumed beverage in Asian countries where the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 are significantly lower than Europe, North and Latin America; 2. Green tea and its major catechin EGCG have a broad-spectrum antiviral effect on some pathogenic human viruses, including RNA viruses and those causing respiratory diseases [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] ; 3. Studies from clinical trials indicate that the consumption of catechins-containing GTB can reduce influenza infection rates [26,27,46] ; 4.…”

“…Because of its unique polyphenolic structure, EGCG possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [12,13] . In addition, EGCG has been reported to have a broad-spectrum antiviral effect on several pathologic human viruses [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] , including those causing respiratory diseases [21] . Previous in vitro and in vivo studies [22][23][24] have shown that the green tea catechins could inhibit adsorption, replication, and neuraminidase activity of influenza A virus.…”

The Inhibitory Effect of (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Breast Cancer Progression via Reducing SCUBE2 Methylation and DNMT Activity

“…Among them, EGCG is the most abundant catechin accounting for 50% of the total amount [31]. Previous study has reported that EGCG was responsible for the beneficial bioactivities of green tea and contributed to various biological processes, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidative, and antitumor abilities [32,33,34,35]. In addition, EGCG was validated to possess the therapeutic effects in clinical and animal studies [36,37].…”