Epididymis is a principal site of retrovirus expression in the mouse.

Kiessling, Ann A.; Crowell, R. M.; Fox, Cecil H.

doi:10.1073/pnas.86.13.5109

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The possible functions of a retroviral protein in these tissues are unknown. In animals, a high expression of ERVs is common in reproductive tissues like seminiferous tubules, vesicula seminales, testis, and placenta (20,24,25,32,40). The results of EST searches, QPCR, and ISH from this investigation and previous Northern blot analyses were similar.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

ERV3 and Related Sequences in Humans: Structure and RNA Expression

Andersson¹,

Yun²,

Sperber

et al. 2005

J Virol

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The ERV3 locus at chromosome 7q11 is a much studied human endogenous retroviral (HERV) sequence, owing to an env open reading frame (ORF) and placental RNA and protein expression. An analysis of the human genome demonstrated that ERV3 is one of a group of 41 highly related elements (ERV3-like HERVs) which use proline, isoleucine, or arginine tRNA in their primer binding sites. In addition to elements closely related to ERV3, the group included the previously known retinoic acid-inducible element, RRHERVI, also referred to as HERV15, but was separate from the related HERV-E elements. The ERV3-like elements are defective. The only element with an ORF among gag, pro, pol, and env genes was the env ORF of the original ERV3 locus. A search in dbEST revealed ERV3 RNA expression in placenta, skin, carcinoid tumor, and adrenal glands. Expression was also studied with newly developed real-time quantitative PCRs (QPCR) of ERV3 and HERV-E(4-1) env sequences. Results from a novel histone 3.3 RNA QPCR result served as the expression control. QPCR results for ERV3 were compatible with previously published results, with a stronger expression in adrenal gland and placenta than in 15 other human tissues. The expression of the envelope (env) of ERV3 at chromosome 7q11 was also studied by using stringent in situ hybridization. Expression was found in corpus luteum, testis, adrenal gland, Hassal's bodies in thymus, brown fat, pituitary gland, and epithelium of the lung. We conclude that ERV3 env is most strongly expressed in adrenal and sebaceous glands as well as in placenta.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

ERV3 and Related Sequences in Humans: Structure and RNA Expression

Andersson¹,

Yun²,

Sperber

et al. 2005

J Virol

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“…These observations are similar to earlier studies on mice (Kiessling et al, 1987(Kiessling et al, , 1989 and provide additional evidence for the presence of retroviruses in rodent reproductive organs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Novel retroviral sequences are expressed in the epididymis and uterus of Syrian hamsters.

DeHaven

Schwartz²,

Dahm

et al. 1998

Journal of General Virology

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Combined androgen and oestrogen treatment of male or female Syrian hamsters results via an unknown mechanism in the formation of leiomyosarcomas in the reproductive tract. We have examined the possibility that retroviral gene expression may play a role in tumorigenesis. Evidence of virus-like particles in epididymis and seminal fluid is shown in electron micrographs. We identified expressed retroviral sequences by using RT-PCR to amplify a conserved retroviral reverse transcriptase coding region in RNA isolated from epididymis, testis, clarified seminal fluid and uterus. Phylogenetic analysis allowed us to classify the sequences into two distinct groups : (1) mammalian type-C viruses, having similarity to Moloney murine leu-

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“…In mice, high concentrations of retroviral particles have been detected in the epididymal fluid (162)(163)(164). These viruses are mostly endogenous retroviruses, but some exogenous infectious retroviruses (mouse ecotropic virus and Friend ecotropic virus) have also been described (254), and the association of retroviral particles with spermatozoa may lead to congenital infection.…”

Section: Animal Semenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

Dejucq

Jégou

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

287

220

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This review describes the various viruses identified in the semen and reproductive tracts of mammals (including humans), their distribution in tissues and fluids, their possible cell targets, and the functional consequences of their infectivity on the reproductive and endocrine systems. The consequences of these viral infections on the reproductive tract and semen can be extremely serious in terms of organ integrity, development of pathological and cancerous processes, and transmission of diseases. Furthermore, of essential importance is the fact that viral infection of the testicular cells may result not only in changes in testicular function, a serious risk for the fertility and general health of the individual (such as a fall in testosteronemia leading to cachexia), but also in the possible transmission of virus-induced mutations to subsequent generations. In addition to providing an exhaustive account of the data available in these domains, this review focuses attention on the fact that the interface between endocrinology and virology has so far been poorly explored, particularly when major health, social and economical problems are posed. Our conclusions highlight the research strategies that need to be developed. Progress in all these domains is essential for the development of new treatment strategies to eradicate viruses and to correct the virus-induced dysfunction of the endocrine system

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Epididymis is a principal site of retrovirus expression in the mouse.

Abstract: High levels of retrovirus particles are present in the reproductive tract of male mice. In this report epithelial cells that line the lumen of the epididymis are shown to be a principal site of virus synthesis. Aggregates of free virus were

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

ERV3 and Related Sequences in Humans: Structure and RNA Expression

ERV3 and Related Sequences in Humans: Structure and RNA Expression

Novel retroviral sequences are expressed in the epididymis and uterus of Syrian hamsters.

Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

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