Novel retroviral sequences are expressed in the epididymis and uterus of Syrian hamsters.

DeHaven, John E.; Schwartz, David A.; Dahm, Michael; Hazard, E. Starr; Trifiletti, Rosario Rich; Lacy, Eric R.; Norris, James S.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-79-11-2687

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, it is difficult to rule out the possibility that this detection of high expression levels is due to increases in granulosa cell numbers within the large growing follicles during hormonal treatment. In the Syrian hamster species, Northern blot analysis reveals the presence of a putative full-length type-C retrovirus in the uterus (DeHaven et al, 1998). Although different levels of this endogenous retrovirus RNA expression in control animals as well as steroidtreated animals are demonstrated, there is no statistically significant alteration in expression due to steroid treatment in any tissue examined (DeHaven et al, 1998).…”

Section: Hormone-dependent Expression In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous retroviruses and animal reproduction

Prudhomme¹,

Bonnaud²,

Mallet³

2005

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Endogenous retroviruses (ERV), as part of the host genetic heritage, are transmissible to the next generation in a Mendelian way. Their abundance in animal genomes and their expression primarily detected in germ cells, embryonic tissues and cancer cell lines, raised the question of their biological significance. This article reviews the possible role of ERVs in the physiology and diseases of animal reproduction, from Drosophila to human. In males, there is no trivial involvement of ERVs in a physiological process. Conversely, a spermatogenesis defect was associated in the human male with HERV-K expression and HERV15-induced chromosomal alteration, leading to cancer and infertility, respectively. In females, the study of insect ERVs (IERV) pointed out the overlap between genetics and virology with the genetic-dependent regulation of ZAM and the non-infectious and infectious life cycles of gypsy. The pattern of ERVs expression in rodent, ovine and human females suggest a hormone-dependent mechanism consistent with the mammalian oestrus cycle regulation. The differentiation of the mammary epithelium and breast tumorigenesis involving the mouse mammary tumour viruses (MMTV) illustrate the intimate connection between endogenous and exogenous retroviruses. Last, as a major site of ERVs transcription, placenta contributed to our understanding of ERVs modulation of neighbouring gene expression. As an interface, i.e. a site of conflicts and exchanges, placenta should resist infection and protect the foetus against the maternal immune system. Retroviral envelopes could theoretically provide such features due to receptor interference, immunosuppression and fusion properties, as shown by the HERV-W envelope involved in the syncytiotrophoblast formation. We conclude with an insight on the evolutionary and epigenetic consequences of the relationships of ERV guests with their animal hosts.

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Section: Hormone-dependent Expression In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous retroviruses and animal reproduction

Prudhomme¹,

Bonnaud²,

Mallet³

2005

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…13–18 In fact, ERVs are abundant in the genital tract and placenta of various animal species. 17,19 The presence of intact env genes that are expressed in the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta and preserved over thousands of years, together with the observation that they elicit fusion of cells in vitro , led to the speculation that ERVs play an essential role in placental development and were positively selected for a fundamental role in the evolution of placental mammals and development of viviparity.…”

Section: Ervs In the Human Mouse And Rabbit Placentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Retroviruses in Trophoblast Differentiation and Placental Development

Black

Arnaud

Palmarini

et al. 2010

American J Rep Immunol

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Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are present in the genome of all vertebrates and originated from infections of the germline of the host by exogenous retroviruses. ERVs have coevolved with their hosts for millions of years and are recognized to contribute to genome plasticity, protect the host against infection of related pathogenic and exogenous retroviruses, and play a vital role in development of the placenta. Consequently, some ERVs have been positively selected and maintained in the host genome throughout evolution. This review will focus on the critical role of ERVs in development of the mammalian placenta and specifically highlight the biological role of sheep JSRV-related endogenous betaretroviruses in conceptus (embryo and associated extraembryonic membranes) development.

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“…The localization, level and timing of expression of enJSRVs lend support to the hypothesis that these loci are important in female reproductive tract and placental biology. Indeed, expression of ERVs in the genital tract and placenta of various animal species has been described for at least three decades (Kalter et al, 1973(Kalter et al, , 1975Vernon et al, 1974;Smith & Moore, 1988;Harris, 1991;DeHaven et al, 1998). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous betaretroviruses of sheep: teaching new lessons in retroviral interference and adaptation

Palmarini

Mura

Spencer

2004

Journal of General Virology

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The endogenous betaretroviruses of small ruminants offer an excellent model to investigate the biological relevance of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Approximately twenty copies of endogenous betaretroviruses (enJSRVs) are present in the genome of sheep and goats. enJSRVs are highly related to Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and the Enzootic nasal tumour virus (ENTV), the causative agents of naturally occurring carcinomas of the respiratory tract of sheep. enJSRVs interact/interfere at different levels both with the host and with their exogenous and pathogenic counterparts. enJSRVs blocks the exogenous JSRV replication by a novel two-step interference mechanism acting both early and late during the virus replication cycle. enJSRVs are highly active, they are abundantly and specifically expressed in the epithelium of most of the ovine female reproductive tract. The specific spatial and temporal expression of enJSRVs supports a role in trophoblast development and differentiation as well as conceptus implantation. In addition, enJSRVs are expressed during fetal ontogeny leading to the apparent tolerance of sheep towards the pathogenic JSRV. Thus, the sheep/enJSRVs system is a model that can be utilized to study many different aspects of ERVs and retrovirus biology. The impressive technologies developed to study the sheep reproductive biology, in conjunction with the knowledge gained on the molecular biology of enJSRVs, makes the ovine system an ideal model to design experiments that can functionally address the role of ERVs in mammalian physiology. IntroductionRetroviruses possess the unique ability to integrate their genome in the DNA of the host cell. The required integration step for the retrovirus replication cycle has provided an opportunity for these viruses to colonize (during evolution) the germline of virtually all eukaryotes. Consequently, retroviruses are transmitted horizontally, as 'exogenous' viruses (e.g. as any other virus), as well as vertically, as 'endogenous' viruses (ERVs) inherited in a classical Mendelian fashion (Vogt, 1997). ERVs account for a substantial portion of the genetic pool of every single animal but the biological significance of these elements has represented a biological puzzle for several years (Boeke & Stoye, 1997). ERV-host interactionsEukaryotic transposons can spread rapidly in sexual species in the absence of positive selection at the cellular or organism level (Hickey, 1982). Thus, ERVs could have 'survived' in the genome of eukaryotes without furnishing any obvious beneficial effect. However, some positive (and more rarely negative) roles for ERVs have been described and many more hypothesized. In general, ERVs are proposed to contribute in shaping the genome of the host and influencing gene expression by leading chromosomal rearrangements through homologous recombination between distant loci (Hughes & Coffin, 2001) and by directly influencing gene expression (Ting et al., 1992).Interesting scenarios are envisaged for two human ERVs, ERV-3 and HERV-W (Human endogenou...

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Novel retroviral sequences are expressed in the epididymis and uterus of Syrian hamsters.

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Endogenous retroviruses and animal reproduction

Endogenous retroviruses and animal reproduction

Endogenous Retroviruses in Trophoblast Differentiation and Placental Development

Endogenous betaretroviruses of sheep: teaching new lessons in retroviral interference and adaptation

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