Epidermoid Cyst Arising on the Body of the Tongue: Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Epidermoid cysts of the body of the tongue are rare. Only 12 cases of such lesions have been reported in the English literature.Case: A 14-year-old boy had a 7×5-mm-sized cystic lesion with a yellowish-white surface on the ventral aspect of his tongue. The cystic wall was composed of squamous epithelium containing keratinous material. No skin appendages were attached to the wall. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst.Literature Review: For the thirteen cases, including ours, the average age was 18.0 years. The highest incidence was found in the first decade of life. Eight of the patients were male and five were female.The size varied from several millimeters to several centimeters. There may be a left side predilection of the occurrence. There is no evidence for malignant transformation of epidermoid cysts of the tongue, though two cases were reported as carcinoma arising from an epidermoid or dermoid cyst of another oral area.Discussion: Epidermoid cysts of the body of the tongue are congenital or acquired. The congenital type can arise due to a failure of surface ectoderm separation or invagination of the surface ectoderm along the embryologic fusion sites. The acquired type is caused by trauma, with implanting of an epithelial element into the deeper tissue. In the present case, it was difficult to determine whether the pathogenesis was congenital or acquired because there are no clinical or histopathological differences between the two types. (J Nippon Med Sch 2018; 85: 343 346)

Peripheral odontogenic keratocyst: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characterization

“…Most oral epidermoid cysts are located on the floor of the mouth and tongue, not in the gingiva. Furthermore, their epithelium does not exhibit well‐defined columnar basal cells (in a palisade) and show orthokeratosis instead of parakeratosis (Sahoo et al, 2015; Ueno et al., 2018). It is important to recognize that in oral epidermoid cyst CK14 is positive in the whole epithelium and does not express CK19, as opposed to our cases of POKC (Ohnishi & Watanabe, 1999; Schitini Junior et al., 2019).…”

Cisto epidermoide em assoalho bucal: relato de caso

“…Dentre os cistos da cavidade oral, os CE representam aproximadamente 0,01% de todos os casos. Também podem ser encontrados na região lateral da sobrancelha, na língua, lábios e outros locais da mucosa oral (Santos et al, 2020;Ueno, Takayama, Osada, & Saeki, 2018;Silveira et al, 2019).…”

“…Na cavidade oral, os cistos são denominados "epidermóides" se forem revestidos apenas por epitélio escamoso estratificado (Pereira, Alves, Araújo, Pereira, & Costa, 2008;Erisir, Kazikdas, & Tuna, 2018). A histopatologia mostra uma parede cística revestida por epitélio escamoso estratificado queratinizado com camada granular proeminente e lúmen preenchido por queratina, em padrão lamelar, sem apêndices cutâneos (Ueno, Takayama, Osada, & Saeki, 2018). Quando a parede desse cisto contém estruturas anexas da pele, elas são denominadas "cisto dermóide" (Silveira et al, 2019).…”

Quiste epidermoide en cavidad oral. Un reporte de caso

“…Los quistes se clasifican histológicamente como epidermoides cuando se derivan del tejido ectodérmico y se encuentran recubiertos por epitelio escamoso estratificado, dermoides cuando poseen una cavidad rodeada por epitelio similar y que contiene estructuras como glándulas sebáceas o sudoríparas; y teratomas cuando la cavidad está cubierta por epitelio que contiene algunos derivados del endodermo y mesodermo, como músculo, mucosa intestinal, mucosa respiratoria, hueso o vasos sanguíneos [1][2][3][4][5][6] . El Quiste Epidermoide (QE) es una lesión quística, benigna, poco frecuente (0,01% de los quistes de cavidad oral y 1,6% a 6,9% de cabeza y cuello) [1][2][3][4] . Su etiología es desconocida, sin embargo, se ha asociado a remanentes de tejido embrionario ectodérmico durante la fusión del primer y segundo arco branquial durante el desarrollo embrionario.…”

“…Clínicamente, se evidencia como una inflamación asintomática, de crecimiento lento y fluctuante. Usualmente se presenta en adultos jóvenes y rara vez en niños [2][3][4][5]7,8 .…”