Epidermal Stem Cells Have the Potential to Assist in Healing Damaged Tissues

Bickenbach, Jackie R.; Stern, Matthew M.; Grinnell, Katie L.; Manuel, Antonio; Chinnathambi, Sathivel

doi:10.1038/sj.jidsymp.5650009

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, HF stem cells have been shown to possess the capability to repair peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury, underscoring the potential of the skin as an easily accessible source of autologous adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. 13,14 One area where regenerative therapy is in great need is the treatment of chronic wounds. Despite advances in growth factors and skin equivalents, up to 50% of chronic wounds present for more than 1 year remain recalcitrant to treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deregulation of epidermal stem cell niche contributes to pathogenesis of nonhealing venous ulcers

Stojadinović

Pastar

Nusbaum

et al. 2014

Wound Repair Regeneration

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The epidermis is maintained by epidermal stem cells (ESC) that reside in distinct niches and contribute to homeostasis and wound closure. Keratinocytes at the non-healing edges of venous ulcers (VUs) are healing-incompetent, hyper-proliferative and non-migratory suggesting deregulation of ESCs. To date genes which regulate ESC niches have been studied in mice only. Utilizing microarray analysis of VU non-healing edges, we identified changes in expression of genes harboring regulation of ESCs and their fate. In a prospective clinical study of ten VUs, we confirmed suppression of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor and GATA binding protein3 as well as inhibitors of DNA-binding proteins 2 and 4. We also found decreased levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3, nuclear presence of ß-catenin and overexpression of its transcriptional target, c-myc indicating activation of the Wnt pathway. Additionally, we found down-regulation of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1, a gene important for maintaining ESCs in a quiescent state, and absence of keratin 15, a marker of the basal stem cell compartment suggesting local depletion of ESCs. Our study shows that loss of genes important for regulation of ESCs and their fate along with activation of ß-catenin and c-myc in the VU may contribute to ESC deprivation and a hyper-proliferative, non-migratory, healing incapable wound edge.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deregulation of epidermal stem cell niche contributes to pathogenesis of nonhealing venous ulcers

Stojadinović

Pastar

Nusbaum

et al. 2014

Wound Repair Regeneration

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“…With the current progress in stem cell research, epidermal stem cells (ESCs) have been found to reside in the basal layer of the epidermis, the bulge region of the hair follicle, and the germinal hair follicle matrix, and play an important role in not only self-renewal of the epidermis but also in wound closure. 15,16 However, little is known about the effects of laser irradiation on the biological function of ESCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helium-Neon Laser Irradiation Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Human Epidermal Stem Cells In Vitro: Proposed Mechanism for Enhanced Wound Re-epithelialization

Liao

Xie

Liu

et al. 2014

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of helium-neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation on the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of cultured human epidermal stem cells (ESCs). Background data: A He-Ne laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm is known to have photobiological effects, and is widely used for accelerating wound healing; however, the cellular mechanisms involved have not been completely understood. Methods: The ESCs were prepared from human foreskin, and irradiated by using He-Ne laser at 632.8 nm with 2 J/cm 2 . The ESC proliferation, migration, and differentiation were examined by using XTT assay, scratch assay, and flow cytometry technology, respectively. The phosphorylation of extracellular signalregulated kinases (ERK) was analyzed by using Western blotting. Results: He-Ne laser irradiation markedly promoted cell proliferation and migration accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of ERK, but did not significantly influence cell differentiation. Conclusion: Our data indicated that photostimulation with a HeNe laser resulted in a significant increase in human ESC proliferation and migration in vitro, which might contribute, at least partially, to accelerated wound re-epithelialization by low-level laser therapy.

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“…There has been growing interest in research into EpSCs and their roles in homeostasis, wound repair and tumorigenesis. EpSCs are also becoming attractive as a therapeutic option in tissue bioengineering, gene therapy and the treatment of a variety of diseases [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Because EpSCs are important for both basic research and clinical application, establishing an approach to separate EpSC populations from the epidermis is of paramount importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of putative human epidermal stem cells based on cell size and collagen type IV adhesiveness

Miao

Guo

et al. 2007

Cell Res

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The enrichment and identification of human epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) are of paramount importance for both basic research and clinical application. Although several approaches for the enrichment of EpSCs have been established, enriching a pure population of viable EpSCs is still a challenging task. An improved approach is worth developing to enhance the purity and viability of EpSCs. Here we report that cell size combined with collagen type IV adhesiveness can be used in an improved approach to enrich pure and viable human EpSCs. We separated the rapidly adherent keratinocytes into three populations that range in size from 5-7 μm (population A), to 7-9 μm (population B), to ≥9 μm (population C) in diameter, and found that human putative EpSCs could be further enriched in population A with the smallest size. Among the three populations, population A displayed the highest density of β1-integrin receptor, contained the highest percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, showed the highest nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, and possessed the highest colony formation efficiency (CFE). When injected into murine blastocysts, these cells participated in multi-tissue formation. More significantly, compared with a previous approach that sorted putative EpSCs according to β1-integrin antibody staining, the viability of the EpSCs enriched by the improved approach was significantly enhanced. Our results provide a putative strategy for the enrichment of human EpSCs, and encourage further study into the role of cell size in stem cell biology.

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Epidermal Stem Cells Have the Potential to Assist in Healing Damaged Tissues

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

Deregulation of epidermal stem cell niche contributes to pathogenesis of nonhealing venous ulcers

Deregulation of epidermal stem cell niche contributes to pathogenesis of nonhealing venous ulcers

Helium-Neon Laser Irradiation Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Human Epidermal Stem Cells In Vitro: Proposed Mechanism for Enhanced Wound Re-epithelialization

Enrichment of putative human epidermal stem cells based on cell size and collagen type IV adhesiveness

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