Epidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD–SIU joint consultation on bladder cancer

Fernández, Mario; Brausi, Maurizio; Clark, Peter E.; Cookson, Michael S.; Grossman, H. Barton; Khochikar, Makarand; Kiemeney, Lambertus A.; Malavaud, Bernard; Sánchez-Salas, Rafael; Soloway, Mark S.; Svatek, Robert S.; Vikram, Raghunandan; Vrieling, Alina; Kamat, Ashish M.

doi:10.1007/s00345-018-2436-y

Cited by 51 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In terms of mortality, there is somewhat less variation between parts of the world with different HDIs. [13] The present study reached similar conclusions for BCa results obtained from GBD 2017 data: after dividing the world into ve parts according to SDI quintiles, almost half of the cases were distributed in high-SDI countries, while the BCa patients in low-SDI countries accounted for fewer than 3% of all cases. The ASR showed the same pattern, being 62/100,000 and 10/100,000 in high-and low-SDI countries, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Global, regional, and national burdens of bladder cancer in 2017: estimates from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study

Xie

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and mortality rates of bladder cancer (BCa) using data obtained in the Global Burden of Disease study performed in 2017 (GBD 2017). Methods Data on BCa for 2017, including prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), were obtained from GBD 2017 at the global, regional, and national levels. We also analyzed the association of BCa burden with the country development level. Results There were 2.63 million BCa cases estimated from the GBD 2017 data, with 200,000 persons dying of BCa, resulting in 3.60 million DALYs in 2017. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of BCa was 32.91/100,000 persons, and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was 2.57/100,000 persons. The ASPR and ASDR of BCa were higher in males than in females, and higher in people older than 60 years. The ASPR and ASDR of BCa were higher in Western Europe and Central Europe than in South Asia, Andean Latin America, and Central Latin America, and higher in countries with a higher sociodemographic index (SDI). Correlation analysis identified that the ASPR and ASDR of BCa were positively correlated with the country SDI (P < 0.0001 and ρ = 0.68 for ASPR, and P = 0.0048 and ρ = 0.20 for ASDR). Smoking was the main risk factors attributable to the BCa burden. Conclusion The prevalence and mortality rates of BCa were very high in 2017, especially in high-SDI countries. Smoking-cessation strategies should be strengthened to control the burden associated with BCa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Global, regional, and national burdens of bladder cancer in 2017: estimates from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study

Xie

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for primary bladder cancer (BC) [1][2][3]. The risk of BC increases with the intensity and duration of exposure, and many studies confirm that smoking cessation decreases the incidence of primary BC [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Smoking Cessation at Primary Diagnosis Reduce the Recurrence Risk of Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer? Results of a Prospective Study

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Evidence that smoking cessation at first diagnosis of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) reduces the risk of recurrence is lacking. The aim of our prospective study was to analyze the association between patients' changes in smoking habits after diagnosis and recurrencefree survival (RFS). Patients: After transurethral resection of primary NMIBC, patients were classified as "ex-smokers," i.e., those definitively stopping, and as "active smokers," i.e., those continuing or restarting to smoke. Smoking status was reassessed every 3 months during the first year and every 6 months thereafter. Data on patients' demographics, smoking status, tumor characteristics, treatments, and follow-up were collected. Statistical analysis was performed adopting SPSS 15.0.1 and R3.4.2 software. Results: Out of 194 patients, 67 (34.5%) quit smoking after the diagnosis, while 127 (65.5%) did not. The clinical and pathological characteristics were homogeneously distributed. At a median follow-up of 38 months, 106 patients (54.6%) recurred, 33 (49.2%) ex-and 73 (60.3%) active smokers with a 3-year RFS of 42.3 and 50.7%, respectively (p = 0.55). No statistically significant association between recurrence, pathological features of the primary tumor, and patient smoking habits after diagnosis was detected. Results were not statistically influenced by the intensity (cigarette/day) and duration (years) of smoking. In multivariate analysis, cigarette smoking cessation at diagnosis did not significantly reduce tumor recurrence. Conclusion: In our prospective study, more than half of our patients recurred at 3 years. In multivariate analysis, smoking cessation did not significantly reduce tumor recurrence. However, the 8.4% reduction in favor of the ex-smokers suggests the need of larger studies with longer follow-ups. Surprisingly, only 35% of smokers definitively quit after diagnosis. The urologists should play a more active role to persuade the patients to stop smoking at first cancer diagnosis.

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“…A number of risk factors for bladder cancer development are well known. However, the recurrence and mortality rates associated with bladder cancer remain high, which pertains to a lack of effective strategies for its early detection [2]. It has claimed that the recurrence rates of bladder cancer are related primarily to its biologic nature and this cancer is short of effective intravesical therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maspin is a PTEN-Upregulated and p53-Upregulated Tumor Suppressor Gene and Acts as an HDAC1 Inhibitor in Human Bladder Cancer

Lin

Tsui

Chang

et al. 2019

Cancers

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Maspin is a member of the clade B serine protease inhibitor superfamily and exhibits diverse regulatory effects in various types of solid tumors. We compared the expressions of maspin and determined its potential biological functions and regulatory mechanisms in bladder carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. The results of RT-qPCR indicated that maspin expressed significantly lower levels in the bladder cancer tissues than in the paired normal tissues. The immunohistochemical assays of human bladder tissue arrays revealed similar results. Maspin-knockdown enhanced cell invasion whereas the overexpression of maspin resulted in the opposite process taking place. Knockdown of maspin also enhanced tumorigenesis in vivo and downregulated protein levels of acetyl-histone H3. Moreover, in bladder carcinoma cells, maspin modulated HDAC1 target genes, including cyclin D1, p21, MMP9, and vimentin. Treatment with MK2206, which is an Akt inhibitor, upregulated maspin expression, whereas PTEN-knockdown or PTEN activity inhibitor (VO-OHpic) treatments demonstrated reverse results. The ectopic overexpression of p53 or camptothecin treatment induced maspin expression. Our study indicated that maspin is a PTEN-upregulated and p53-upregulated gene that blocks cell growth in vitro and in vivo, and may act as an HDAC1 inhibitor in bladder carcinoma cells. We consider that maspin is a potential tumor suppressor gene in bladder cancer.

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Epidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD–SIU joint consultation on bladder cancer

Cited by 51 publications

References 67 publications

Global, regional, and national burdens of bladder cancer in 2017: estimates from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study

Global, regional, and national burdens of bladder cancer in 2017: estimates from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study

Does Smoking Cessation at Primary Diagnosis Reduce the Recurrence Risk of Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer? Results of a Prospective Study

Maspin is a PTEN-Upregulated and p53-Upregulated Tumor Suppressor Gene and Acts as an HDAC1 Inhibitor in Human Bladder Cancer

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