Epidemiology, Predisposing Factors, Biomarkers, and Prevention Mechanism of Obesity: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background. Globally, obesity is becoming a public health problem in the general population. Various determinants were reported by different scholars even though there are inconsistencies. Different biomarkers of obesity were identified for the prediction of obesity. Even though researchers speculate the factors, biomarkers, consequences, and prevention mechanisms, there is a lack of aggregate and purified data in the area of obesity. Summary. In this review, the epidemiology, predisposing factors, biomarkers, consequences, and prevention approaches of obesity were reviewed. Key Messages. The epidemiology of obesity increased in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Even if the factors vary across regions and socioeconomic levels, sociodemographic, behavioral, and genetic factors were prominent for the development of obesity. There are a lot of biomarkers for obesity, of which microRNA, adipocytes, oxidative stress, blood cell profile, nutrients, and microbiota were promising biomarkers for determination of occurrence of obesity. Since the consequences of obesity are vast and interrelated, multidimensional prevention strategy is mandatory in all nations.

Obesity Indicators and Health-related Quality of Life – Insights from a Cohort of Morbidly Obese, Middle-aged South Indian Women

“…Though conventionally obesity is considered a disease that affects educated and affluent populations, we found that a large proportion of our subjects had not pursued higher education. 22 Furthermore, individuals with obesity are often stigmatised among their peers, which may lead to delays in marriage. In our study population, about one-fifth of women were not married, despite a mean age of 37 years, which traditionally is a very late age for marriage in the Indian context.…”

The Effect of Acute Hypohydration on Indicators of Glycemic Regulation, Appetite, Metabolism and Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…While chronic underhydration has been associated with obesity [22], other reports suggest hypohydration reduces subsequent food intake [37]. Given the continuing rise in the prevalence of obese individuals and the associated health outcomes [44], research addressing potential contributors to weight gain may help alleviate this major public health problem.…”

A Pilot Study for Metabolic Profiling of Obesity-Associated Microbial Gut Dysbiosis in Male Wistar Rats

“…Unfortunately, definite strategies to tackle the prevention of obesity, and its related complications, remain elusive. In this regard, epidemiological studies have highlighted some potential environmental exposures, including diet, energy expenditure, early life influences, sleep deprivation, endocrine disruptors, chronic inflammation, and altered gut microbiota (GM) status, as important contributors to a higher obesity risk [13][14][15]. Among these, the GM has received extensive attention during the previous decade because it has been shown that manipulation of the GM may affect the host metabolism.…”