Epidemiology of Viral-associated Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Among Children <5 Years of Age in a High HIV Prevalence Setting, South Africa, 2009–2012

Abstract

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Adenovirus-associated pneumonia in South African children: Presentation, clinical course and outcome

“…[2][3][4] The prevalence of adenovirus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal aspirates in childhood pneumonia cases in South Africa (SA) has been reported to be 19 -26%. [5,6] However, the pathogenic role of adenovirus in childhood pneumonia is unclear. Some studies report an increased prevalence of adenovirus in pneumonia cases, while others found a similar prevalence in population-matched controls.…”

An audit of primary medical conditions in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit of Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital

“…This finding is similar to that in other studies in which it was found that HIV-infected children had a longer length of hospital stay because of the increased severity of their LRTI. [20,21] A study done at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital PICU showed better survival to 1 year of age compared with previous studies when HAART was initiated early in the course of the disease. [11] This highlights the importance of early testing and initiation of ARVs for children, as well as an effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme in decreasing the burden of HIV.…”

Human metapneumovirus-associated severe acute respiratory illness hospitalisation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African children and adults

“…21 Among older children and adults a respiratory virus, most commonly rhinovirus, adenovirus and influenza, was detected in 32% of LRTI cases. 20 We have now described the epidemiology of HMPV-associated LRTI among patients enrolled into this surveillance programme.…”