Adenovirus-associated pneumonia in South African children: Presentation, clinical course and outcome

Zampoli, Marco; Mukuddem-Sablay, Z

doi:10.7196/samj.2017.v107i2.11451

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Adenovirus was detected in almost onefourth of all study children and thus could not be associated with pneumonia. Similarly, previous studies have shown detection of adenovirus in 21 to 30% of children with pneumonia and in16% of children without any respiratory symptoms [28,45], despite adenovirus being a potential cause of pneumonia in young children [46]. We found that three-fourths of our study children with pneumonia and all children in the control group without pneumonia had acute diarrhoea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Viral etiology of pneumonia among severely malnourished under-five children in an urban hospital, Bangladesh

et al. 2020

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BackgroundIn Bangladesh, pneumonia has a higher mortality among malnourished children aged <5 years. Evaluating pneumonia etiology among malnourished children may help improve empiric treatment guidelines. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Chowdhury F, Shahid ASMSB, Ghosh PK, Rahman M, Hassan M.Z, Akhtar Z, et al. (2020) Viral etiology of pneumonia among severely malnourished under-five children in an urban hospital, Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228329.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Viral etiology of pneumonia among severely malnourished under-five children in an urban hospital, Bangladesh

et al. 2020

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“…However, there appeared to be an association between the doctor's assessment of RR at initiation of HFNC and the documented RR at transfer, with patients who were transferred remaining significantly tachypnoeic. The high proportion of infants with severe pneumonia needing transfer to L3 for respiratory support who had adenovirus on NPA supports the recently published study by Zampoli and Mukuddem-Sablay [19] demonstrating that adenovirus is an important cause of severe pneumonia necessitating ICU admission in young children in SA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

A review of the use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in hospitalised children at a regional hospital in the Cape Town Metro, South Africa

2019

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Acute severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) continue to be a major cause of mortality (13%) and morbidity globally [1,2] and in South Africa (SA). [1] Reid et al. [3] showed that pneumonia was the main cause of death (25%) in children aged <5 years in the Metro West health district of the Western Cape Province of SA. [3] In many middle-to low-income countries with resource limitations, the number of child deaths resulting from severe pneumonia (related to hypoxaemia and respiratory failure) remains high despite implementation of international and local guidelines. [4] Additional respiratory support, important in the care of critically ill children, is often unavailable or is perceived as being neither feasible nor safe in resource-limited settings. [4,5] The use of non-invasive ventilation for respiratory support, including nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy, in and outside the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is increasing. [5,6] There is limited evidence to support the use of HFNC in children outside the PICU setting and in conditions other than bronchiolitis. [7] The probable mechanisms of action of HFNC include heating and humidification of inspired air, nasopharyngeal carbon dioxide wash-out, reduction in upper airway resistance, and provision of positive distending pressure. [8-12] The current paucity of data on the variable positive distending pressure provided by HFNC raises clinical safety concerns, [7] and many modern HFNC devices therefore now have pressure-limiting valves. However, more robust physiological studies are needed. [7] A pioneering, contextually relevant study from Bangladesh showed that outcomes in terms of 'treatment failure' (defined as two or three of the following characteristics: severe hypoxia, signs of severe clinical distress, or respiratory acidosis on blood gas analysis) were no worse in patients with severe pneumonia who received HFNC than in those who received bubble CPAP, but mortality rates were higher in the low-flow nasal cannula (LFNC) and HFNC groups, indicating a potential risk of harm associated with these modalities. [13] Various observational studies have shown that HFNC reduces respiratory rates and the effort of breathing in infants with bronchiolitis, has very few reported complications, and is well tolerated. [7] Commercial HFNC devices and circuits are expensive. Guaranteeing that a clinically effective and cost-effective form of This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.

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“…One study about risk factors associated with mortality of pneumonia children reported malnutrition was the most common factor related with fatality (24). The study of Zampoli et al in South Arica reported that ADV associated pneumonia children reported 34.0% were malnourished (25). But in our study, children with ADV infection had a lower risk of combining others disease than cases without ADV infection.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Severe Pneumonia with and without Adenovirus Infection in Children Under the Age of 5 in Guangzhou, 2009-2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Zheng¹,

Liao²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To identify the differences of epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory findings and clinical outcomes of severe pneumonia children under 5 years old among with and without ADV infection.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in three pediatric hospitals in Guangzhou, China. All children under the age of 5 for sever pneumonia and admitting ICU during 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019. Demographics, complications, the first routine laboratory findings, therapeutic records and clinical outcome were collected from electronic medical records. We compared characteristics of children with and without ADV infection.Results: ADV were detected in 75 (4.7%) of 1595 severe pneumonia children. Cases with ADV infection were more likely to be male, older than one year old, combined other microbial infections, but less likely to have mixed virus infections and combined with cardiovascular disease, and had more abnormal laboratory results than cases without ADV infection. Antiviral therapy was rarely used in children with severe pneumonia, but antibiotic therapy was commonly used in severe pneumonia children, especially cases with ADV infection (91.9%). Children infected with ADV were also hospitalized longer and had a higher mortality within 30 days of hospitalization.Conclusions: Severe pneumonia children under 5 years old with ADV infection had more abnormal laboratory findings and more severe clinical outcomes than cases without ADV infection. More attention should be focused on the harm caused by ADV infection.

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Adenovirus-associated pneumonia in South African children: Presentation, clinical course and outcome

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Viral etiology of pneumonia among severely malnourished under-five children in an urban hospital, Bangladesh

Viral etiology of pneumonia among severely malnourished under-five children in an urban hospital, Bangladesh

A review of the use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in hospitalised children at a regional hospital in the Cape Town Metro, South Africa

Severe Pneumonia with and without Adenovirus Infection in Children Under the Age of 5 in Guangzhou, 2009-2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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