Epidemiology of traumatic myiasis due to Chrysomya bezziana in Indonesia

Abstract

<p>Epidemiology of traumatic myiasis in Indonesia was studied by the widespread collection of fly larvae from infested livestock in passive case detection surveys involving veterinary clinics. In addition, monthly data from Kediri regency in Eastern Java were analysed from 2006-2009 to explore the seasonality of myiasis. Larvae from a total of 260 cases from the nationwide survey and 341 cases from Kediri were identified. Except for 5 cases of chicken infestation due to Musca species in the nationwide survey, all other cases were exclusively caused by the Old World screwworm (OWS) fly, Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The monthly numbers of cases at Kediri were very variable, with cases in all months, but there was statistical evidence for an increase in cases in January and December, during the rainy season. The greatest numbers of infestations recorded were from cattle and goats. The most frequently infested sites nationwide and in Kediri were the vulva and umbilicus, associated with calving, which is a major risk period for traumatic myiasis. Mitochondrial DNA typing of 176 specimens was useful for detecting multiple infestations, but no association was found between genetic lineage and host. The equatorial climate of Indonesia, combined with poor husbandry systems are factors that help to support OWS fly development year round. Even if not considered a disease of strategic importance, screwworm myiasis remains a threat to livestock production in Indonesia and a major welfare issue that requires constant interventions by farmers. The new and collated epidemiological data presented represent the most extensive survey of traumatic myiasis in Indonesia to date and provide a valuable baseline to support integrated pest management programs.</p>

Myiasis Diagnosis and Treatment in Goat

“…Myiasis merupakan penyakit parasitik yang disebabkan oleh larva lalat (belatung) yang menyerang semua jenis hewan vertebrata berdarah panas dan manusia (Sunny et al, 2016;Wardhana, 2006). Hewan yang pernah dilaporkan menderita myiasis di Indonesia antara lain sapi, kambing, domba, kerbau, kuda, anjing, babi dan ayam (Partoutomo, 2000;Wardhana et al, 2018). Larva lalat penyebab penyakit ini memakan jaringan hidup dan mati atau nekrosis (Imtiaz et al, 2014;Kaswardjono et al, 2019).…”

“…Agen primer penyebab myiasis terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu lalat Cochliomya hominivorax yang tersebar di benua Amerika, lalat Wohlfahrtia magnifica yang tersebar di Eropa hingga Tiongkok, serta lalat Chrysomya bezziana yang tersebar di kawasan Afrika bagian tropis dan sub tropis, subkontinen India, Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia dan Papua Nugini. Myiasis pada hewan di Indonesia telah dilaporkan terjadi di berbagai provinsi baik di Pulau Jawa maupun di luar Pulau Jawa (Partoutomo, 2000;Wardhana et al, 2018;Wientarsih et al, 2017). Myiasis dilaporkan menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang sangat besar, terutama di daerah-daerah sentral ternak.…”

“…Myiasis di Indonesia paling banyak menyerang dua hewan yaitu ternak sapi (65,5 %) dan ternak kambing (22,34 %) (Wardhana et al, 2018). Prevalensi myiasis di Indonesia baik pada ternak yang dipelihara secara ekstensif maupun intensif tercatat cukup tinggi.…”

“…Di Pulau Jawa, kasus myiasis di Kabupaten Kediri dengan pemeliharaan secara intensif cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya, yaitu sebanyak 47 kasus tahun 2002, 63 kasus pada tahun 2003 dan sebanyak 89 kasus pada tahun 2004 (Astuti et al, 2017). Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi, seluruh penyebab myiasis traumatika pada kambing, domba dan sapi di Indonesia adalah lalat Old World Screwworm (OWS), Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Wardhana et al, 2018).…”

The Diversity and Activity of Flies (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) as Forensic Indicators at Outdoor and Indoor Rat Carccasses in Dramaga, Bogor

“…The biological properties of C. bezziana Villeneuve as the primary myiasis flies require a fresh wound to lay their eggs. In contrast the other types of myiasis flies (secondary) require odor stimulation as a signal to lay their eggs (Wardhana and Muharsini 2005;Wardhana et al, 2018).…”