Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis in China, 2007- 2018

Chen, Xiaojing; Li, Fan; Yin, Qikai; Liu, Wenjing; Fu, Shihong; He, Ying; Lei, Wenwen; Xu, Songtao; Liang, Guodong; Wang, Shiwen; Yang, Guang; Qi, Xiaopeng; Wang, Huanyu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226712

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Co-infections might have consequences in terms of pathogen co-transmission [ 24 ], and the high co-infection rate among ticks poses a health threat to humans and livestock [ 3 , 42 ]. The clinical presentation of tick-borne-associated bacterial infections is similar, therefore, diagnosis is challenging and co-infection can be easily missed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Located on the border of China and Russia, the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia are rich in wildlife and have a diverse ecosystem. This region is one of the major epidemic areas of tick-borne infectious diseases in China because its unique geographical and ecological features make it an ideal habitat for ticks [ 3 , 12 – 14 ]. In Inner Mongolia, and elsewhere in China and the rest of the world, limited research has been carried out on the occurrence of different genospecies in co-infections in host-questing ticks, despite progress on tick-borne infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-infection of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in ticks in Inner Mongolia, China

et al. 2023

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Tick-borne infectious diseases pose a serious health threat in certain regions of the world. Emerging infectious diseases caused by novel tick-borne pathogens have been reported that are causing particular concern. Several tick-borne diseases often coexist in the same foci, and a single vector tick can transmit two or more pathogens at the same time, which greatly increases the probability of co-infection in host animals and humans and can lead to an epidemic of tick-borne disease. The lack of epidemiological data and information on the specific clinical symptoms related to co-infection with tick-borne pathogens means that it is not currently possible to accurately and rapidly distinguish between a single pathogen infection and co-infection with multiple pathogens, which can have serious consequences. Inner Mongolia in the north of China is endemic for tick-borne infectious diseases, especially in the eastern forest region. Previous studies have found that more than 10% of co-infections were in host-seeking ticks. However, the lack of data on the specific types of co-infection with pathogens makes clinical treatment difficult. In our study, we present data on the co-infection types and the differences in co-infection among different ecological regions through genetic analysis of tick samples collected throughout Inner Mongolia. Our findings may aid clinicians in the diagnosis of concomitant tick-borne infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in ticks in Inner Mongolia, China

et al. 2023

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“…These species were reported to associate with a range of disease causative agents in mainland China, including tick-borne encephalitis virus, spotted fever group rickettsiae, Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia spp. and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus [ 45 , 47 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Potential Distribution of Major Tick Species in China

Yang

Zheng

Zhou

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Ticks are known as the vectors of various zoonotic diseases such as Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. Though their occurrences are increasingly reported in some parts of China, our understanding of the pattern and determinants of ticks’ potential distribution over the country remain limited. In this study, we took advantage of the recently compiled spatial dataset of distribution and diversity of ticks in China, analyzed the environmental determinants of ten frequently reported tick species and mapped the spatial distribution of these species over the country using the MaxEnt model. We found that presence of urban fabric, cropland, and forest in a place are key determents of tick occurrence, suggesting ticks were likely inhabited close to where people live. Besides, precipitation in the driest month was found to have a relatively high contribution in mapping tick distribution. The model projected that theses ticks could be widely distributed in the Northwest, Central North, Northeast, and South China. Our results added new evidence on the potential distribution of a variety of major tick species in China and pinpointed areas with a high potential risk of tick bites and tick-borne diseases for raising public health awareness and prevention responses.

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“…In China, a total of 3364 TBE cases have been reported from 2007 to 2018 [ 91 ]. It is mainly endemic in Northern and Western China (Fig.…”

Section: Tick-borne Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tick-Borne Pathogens: An Overview of China’s Situation

et al. 2023

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Background Ticks are important medical arthropods that can transmit hundreds of pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses, leading to serious public health burdens worldwide. Unexplained fever is the most common clinical manifestation of tick-borne diseases. Since the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases led to the hospital overload and fewer laboratory tests for tick-borne diseases. Therefore, it is essential to review the tick-borne pathogens and further understand tick-borne diseases. Purpose The geographic distribution and population of ticks in the Northern hemisphere have expanded while emerging tick-borne pathogens have been introduced to China continuously. This paper focused on the tick-borne pathogens that are threatening public health in the world. Their medical significant tick vectors, as well as the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control measures, are emphasized in this document. Methods In this study, all required data were collected from articles indexed in English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Results Ticks presented a great threat to the economy and public health. Although both infections by tick-borne pathogens and SARS-CoV-2 have fever symptoms, the history of tick bite and its associated symptoms such as encephalitis or eschar could be helpful for the differential diagnosis. Additionally, as a carrier of vector ticks, migratory birds may play a potential role in the geographical expansion of ticks and tick-borne pathogens during seasonal migration. Conclusion China should assess the risk score of vector ticks and clarify the potential role of migratory birds in transmitting ticks. Additionally, the individual and collective protection, vector control, comprehensive surveillance, accurate diagnosis, and symptomatic treatment should be carried out, to meet the challenge. Graphical Abstract

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Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis in China, 2007- 2018

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Co-infection of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in ticks in Inner Mongolia, China

Co-infection of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in ticks in Inner Mongolia, China

Mapping the Potential Distribution of Major Tick Species in China

The Tick-Borne Pathogens: An Overview of China’s Situation

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