Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Blood and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the US Military Health System, 2005-2010

Abstract

HE MAGNITUDE OF INVASIVEmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections as well as the emergence of community-onset MRSA infections in the United States has been well documented. [1][2][3][4] Commonly due to the pulsedfield type USA300 strain of MRSA, outbreaks of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) have been observed in prisoners, athletes, and other risk groups. 5,6 In parallel with the emergence of community-onset MRSA infections in the US civilian population, SSTIs have become a significant public health issue for the US military. During military training, approximately 4% to 6% of all individuals may experience an SSTI. 7,8 Furthermore, S aureus has been isolated from 91% of such cases, with MRSA accounting for 70% of S aureus isolates. MRSA also has been shown to be a common cause of S aureus bacteremia and other infections in population-based studies from the United States, particularly health care-associated infections. [9][10][11]

Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant Staphylococcus aureus α-toxoid and a recombinant Panton-Valentine leukocidin subunit, in healthy adults

“…[1][2][3][4][5] S. aureus SSTIs have become a significant public health issue for the US military over the last decade, affecting service members during training and overseas deployment. 4,[6][7][8] Cumulative SSTI rates during training range between 4-6%, 4,9,10 and SSTIs were estimated to be the cause of 41,951 ambulatory visits and 1,054 hospital admissions for active duty military members in 2014. 11,12 An evaluation of Department of Defense (DoD) beneficiaries (2005-2010) reported overall adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) of 4.3 for S. aureus bacteremia and 144.5 for S. aureus SSTIs.…”

“…Among active-duty personnel, CA-MRSA SSTI incidence rate was 280.6, as compared to 165.8 for community-associated methicillin-susceptible S. aureus SSTIs. 8 With the growing burden of S. aureus disease, increasing antibiotic resistance, and limited efficacy of decolonization protocols, 9,10 there is substantial interest in development of a S. aureus vaccine for use in high risk populations. Although an effective S. aureus vaccine remains elusive, [13][14][15][16][17][18] there is general consensus on a multi-antigen approach to vaccine development, which targets T and B cell responses to S. aureus cell surface components, virulence factors and toxins.…”

Changing Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in a US Pediatric Population

“…1 Although MRSA remains a common pathogen, recent studies have revealed a declining incidence of methicillin resistance among S aureus in adult populations in the United States. [3][4][5][6] A similar decline in children has not been well described, with some authors reporting increasing rates of MRSA infections in children. 7 Due to optimal tissue penetration and bactericidal action, antistaphylococcal β-lactam antibiotics are the treatment of choice for susceptible S aureus infections.…”

Performance of the Vitek 2 system software version 5.03 in the bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test: evaluation study of clinical and reference strains of Gram-positive cocci

“…These microorganisms are frequently isolated from bloodstream infections, skin and soft tissue infections, sepsis, urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections 1 .…”