Epidemiology of snakebite and use of antivenom in Argentina

Dolab, Jorge Adrián; Roodt, Adolfo Rafael de; Titto, Ernesto de; García, Susana Isabel; Funes, Raúl; Salomón, Oscar Daniel; Chippaux, Jean-Philippe

doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru038

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These results corroborated those by Dolab et al [18] obtained from a questionnaire survey conducted at health facilities. These authors have shown the strong geographical heterogeneity of the incidence which can reach 150 envenimations per 100 000 inhabitants in certain places.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Incidence and mortality due to snakebite in the Americas

2017

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BackgroundBetter knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of snakebites could help to take measures to improve their management. The incidence and mortality of snakebites in the Americas are most often estimated from medical and scientific literature, which generally lack precision and representativeness.Methodology/Principal findingsAuthors used the notifications of snakebites treated in health centers collected by the Ministries of Health of the American countries to estimate their incidence and mortality. Data were obtained from official reports available on-line at government sites, including those of the Ministry of Health in each country and was sustained by recent literature obtained from PubMed. The average annual incidence is about 57,500 snake bites (6.2 per 100,000 population) and mortality is close to 370 deaths (0.04 per 100,000 population), that is, between one third and half of the previous estimates. The incidence of snakebites is influenced by the abundance of snakes, which is related to (i) climate and altitude, (ii) specific preferences of the snake for environments suitable for their development, and (iii) human population density. Recent literature allowed to notice that the severity of the bites depends mainly on (i) the snake responsible for the bite (species and size) and (ii) accessibility of health care, including availability of antivenoms.Conclusions/SignificancesThe main limitation of this study could be the reliability and accuracy of the notifications by national health services. However, the data seemed consistent considering the similarity of the incidences on each side of national boundaries while the sources are distinct. However, snakebite incidence could be underestimated due to the use of traditional medicine by the patients who escaped the reporting of cases. However, gathered data corresponded to the actual use of the health facilities, and therefore to the actual demand for antivenoms, which should make it possible to improve their management.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Incidence and mortality due to snakebite in the Americas

2017

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“…This pattern contrasts sharply with that seen in both Southeast Asia and South America, [15][16][17][18][19] where it is predominantly young men at risk, bitten in the course of agricultural activities. In our area agricultural activities are not reserved for men, and women are responsible for the tending of agricultural fields and the drawing of water from rivers.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationcontrasting

confidence: 77%

Snakebite in north-eastern South Africa: clinical characteristics and risks for severity

Wood

Sartorius

Hift

2016

South African Family Practice

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Objectives:To identify the toxicity profile of snakebites and to assess clinical severity. Methods: An analysis of all patients admitted to Ngwelezane Hospital's Emergency Department with a diagnosis of snakebite over five years was done. All patients were admitted, assessed and standard haematological and biochemical tests were done. Patients were observed for a minimum of 12 hours' observation. Results: In total, 879 cases were analysed. Envenomation was identified in over two-thirds of admissions. Cytotoxic snakebites accounted for 98% of envenomations. Only four cases of haemotoxic bleeding and five cases of neurotoxicity were admitted. Abnormal laboratory indices correlated with severity: INR > 1.5 (odds ratio 2.25, CI 1.12-4.53; p = 0.023), platelets < 100x109/L (OR 2.35, CI 1.01-5.49; p = 0.048), haemoglobin concentration < 8.0 g/dL (OR 5.68, CI 2.15-15.00; p < 0.001) and leucocyte count > 10x109 (OR 3.15, CI 1.89-5.26, p < 0.001). Children and delays to admission correlated to and were predictors of severity. Conclusion: Two-thirds of patients who present to hospital with snakebite will have symptoms of envenomation, with the overwhelming majority having been bitten by cytotoxic species. Some factors correlate to severity and may be useful for anticipating the patient's clinical course.

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“…This characteristic is also described in other countries as shown in studies by Dolab et al . 44 in Argentina and Mohapatra et al . 45 in India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The epidemiology of snakebite in the Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeastern Brazil

Tavares

Araújo

Marques

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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This report is a retrospective study of the epidemiology of snakebite cases recorded from 2007 to 2014 in the Rio Grande do Norte State, northeastern Brazil. Data was collected from the Injury Notification Information System database of the Health Department of Rio Grande do Norte. A total of 3,019 cases were studied. Cases were distributed over all months of the period studied and occurred mainly in rural areas. Snakes of the genus Bothrops, Crotalus, Micrurus, Lachesis and non-venomous snakes were responsible for 1,507, 185, 52, 6 and 673 cases, respectively. Snakebites predominated in males with age between 10 and 29 years old. Most victims were bitten on the feet and received medical assistance within 1-3 h after being bitten. Cases were mostly classified as mild and progressed to cure. Envenomation by snakebite in Rio Grande do Norte is an environmental public health problem that needs to be monitored and controlled throughout the year. Additionally, the training of health professionals is urgent in order to improve the registration of epidemiological information and medical care to victims.

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Epidemiology of snakebite and use of antivenom in Argentina

Abstract: These preliminary results should enable manufacturers to increase the availability of appropriate antivenom and health authorities to improve the management of snakebites where they are most common.

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Incidence and mortality due to snakebite in the Americas

Incidence and mortality due to snakebite in the Americas

Snakebite in north-eastern South Africa: clinical characteristics and risks for severity

The epidemiology of snakebite in the Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeastern Brazil

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