Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2

Salzberger, Bernd; Buder, Felix; Lampl, Benedikt; Ehrenstein, Boris; Hitzenbichler, Florian; Holzmann, Thomas; Schmidt, Bárbara; Hanses, Frank

doi:10.1007/s15010-020-01531-3

Cited by 198 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Severity of disease in our cohort was generally mild according to standard criteria [ 18 ] (no participant had to be admitted to hospital or required oxygen supplementation), thus being in line with reports of approximately 90% of infections showing uncomplicated clinical progression [ 19 ]. Nevertheless, participants reported considerable morbidity and long-term sequelae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

SARS-CoV-2-directed antibodies persist for more than six months in a cohort with mild to moderate COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Objective To follow serological immune responses of front-line healthcare workers after PCR-confirmed COVID-19 for a mean of 30 weeks, describe the time-course of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG, IgA and IgM levels and to identify associations of the immune response with symptoms, demographic parameters and severity of disease. Methods Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were measured at three time points during the 30-week follow-up. COVID-19-specific symptoms were assessed with standardized questionnaires. Results 95% of the participants mounted an IgG response with only modest decline after week 12. IgG-type antibodies were still detectable in almost 90% of the subjects at 30 weeks. IgA and IgM responses were less robust and antibody titers decreased more rapidly. At 30 weeks, only 25% still had detectable IgA-type and none had IgM-type antibodies. Higher age and higher disease severity were independently associated with higher IgG antibody levels, albeit with wide variations. Conclusion Serological immune responses after COVID-19 show considerable inter-individual variability, but show an association with increasing age and higher severity of disease. IgG-type anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies remain positive in 90% of the individuals 30 weeks after onset of symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

SARS-CoV-2-directed antibodies persist for more than six months in a cohort with mild to moderate COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…More than 17 million people have been infected in the world with COVID-19 up to this day [3]. The infection is potentially fatal, with a 0.5-1 % mortality rate in Germany [4]. About 12 % of patients with COVID-19 need intensive care and 75 % of those require mechanical ventilation [5,6].…”

Section: Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Emergency Inpatient Volume Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Inpatient Volume at a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Germany with Corneal Main Specialization

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Xanthopoulou

Stachon

et al. 2021

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

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Background To estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency inpatient volume in a tertiary eye care center in Germany with corneal main subspecialization. Material and Methods A retrospective review of ocular emergency patients who attended the inpatient unit of the Department of Ophthalmology of Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic, between 1 March and 30 April 2020, in comparison to the same time period in 2019. For each subject, clinical history and surgical reports were reviewed. After 24 March 2020, PCR examinations for SARS-CoV-2 were performed from throat swab specimens in all patients using real-time RT-PCR. Results Totally, 135 patients were admitted in 2019 and 115 patients in 2020 as emergency cases. The patient age at the time of admission did not differ significantly between the two time periods (63.6 ± 17.9 years vs. 62.5 ± 19.6 years) (p = 0.792), but the average length of hospital stays increased significantly for 2020 (4.0 ± 3.6 vs. 4.4 ± 2.7 days, p = 0.043). The percentage of admissions due to acute corneal hydrops (0% vs. 3.5%) increased significantly from 2019 to 2020 (χ2 = 4.772, p = 0.028), however, there was not a significant difference between the two years for any other diagnosis (χ2 ≤ 3.564, p ≥ 0.059). From 2019 to 2020, the percentage of acute intravitreal anti-VEGF injections decreased significantly (7.9% vs. 1.3%, χ2 = 3.985, p = 0.045), but the proportion of other emergency surgeries did not differ between the two years (χ2 ≤ 3.617, p ≥ 0.057). COVID-19 PCR examination was performed in 66 (57.4%) cases in 2020 and all samples (100%) were negative. Conclusions The COVID pandemic did not change emergency inpatient volume in our department, but duration of hospital stay was extended on average by 8 hours, mainly due to additional COVID-19-PCR examinations. The proportion of the most frequently performed surgeries did not change remarkably between 2019 and 2020, but with the introduction of Muraineʼs sutures in 2019, the percentage of admissions with acute corneal hydrops (with or without subsequent surgery) increased for 2020. No urgent surgery had to be postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic at our department; all operations were performed successfully.

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“…During the asymptomatic period, it is also highly contagious with 44% transmission rate before symptoms appearing [ 11 ]. Reports showed that the consensus estimate for R 0 value of SARS-CoV-2 is between 2 and 3, which is concluded from a mathematical model on the affected countries from the WHO situation published on 27 February, 2020 [ 12 , 13 ]. All people are susceptible to these three coronaviruses, especially suffering from diseases like cardiovascular problems, diabetes and cancers [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%