Epidemiology of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Kenya

Laga, Marie; Nzanze, Herbert; Brunham, R. C.; Maitha, Gregory; D'Costa, LourdesJ.D; Jk, Mati; Cheang, Mary; Plummer, F.A.; Namaara, W.; Ndinya-Achola, J. O.; Ronald, Allan; Bhullar, Vini; Fransen, L; Piot, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90544-1

Cited by 114 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…5 C trachomatis has become the most frequent identifiable cause of neonatal conjunctivitis in many countries. [6][7][8][9] The majority of chlamydial conjunctivitis cases heal spontaneously during the first few months of life. However, untreated persistent infections can lead to acute discomfort and distress for both infant and mother, as well as to chronic eye disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis as a Cause of Neonatal Conjunctivitis in Dutch Infants

et al. 2008

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BACKGROUND. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted pathogen in adults, which at delivery may be transmitted from mother to child and cause conjunctivitis and pneumonia. In the Netherlands, prenatal chlamydial screening and treatment of pregnant women is not routine practice. The contribution of C trachomatis to neonatal ophthalmic disease has not been studied in the Netherlands and remains unclear.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis as a Cause of Neonatal Conjunctivitis in Dutch Infants

et al. 2008

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“…Ophthalmia neonatorum was found in Gambia in 34% of cases [16] and in Nairobi in 23% of cases [5]. In both studies silver nitrate prophylaxis was not given.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chlamydia ophthalmia neonatorum in Cameroon

et al. 1988

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In the Ndoungué Hospital in Cameroon 449 new-born babies were examined for a month to check on the occurrence of ophthalmia neonatorum. Silver nitrate eyedrops 1% were applied at birth. The incidence of ophthalmia neonatorum was 19.4%; Chlamydia was found in 8 cases (incidence 1.8%) and gonococci in 4 cases (0.9%). Chemical conjunctivitis was suspected in 13 cases (2.9%). Slight conjunctivitis was seen in 68 cases and severe conjunctivitis in 19 cases (4.2%). A sexually transmitted agent was demonstrated in 6% of the slight cases and in 42% of the severe cases. Ophthalmia neonatorum due to Chlamydia was significantly more frequently severe and without specific features than those due to other agents. Although silver nitrate is still considered to be one of the most effective prophylactic measures for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, in 4 cases this disease still developed. Silver nitrate is ineffective against Chlamydia and is also often the cause of a chemical conjunctivitis. The search is advocated for more efficient medicines in Africa which are effective against both Chlamydia and resistant gonoccoci.

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“…Overall, infectious conjunctivitis occurs in 12% of neonates, and 23% of neonates are afflicted with this condition in developing nations [10,19]. Laga et al report that in a Nairobi hospital wherein no ocular prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum was used, the incidence of ophthalmia neonatorum was 23.2 per 100 live births, and incidences of gonococcal and chlamydial ophthalmia were 3.6 and 8.1 per 100 live births, respectively.…”

Section: Epidemiological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infectious agents responsible, in order of frequency, were C. trachomatis (31%), N gonorrhea (12%), and both (3%) in 181 cases of neonatal conjunctivitis. Data encompassing 67 neonates exposed to maternal gonococcal infection and 201 exposed to maternal chlamydial infection showed rates of transmission to the eye of 42% and 31%, respectively [10]. reported that 1-5% of newborns globally are at risk of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum [18].…”

Section: Epidemiological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%