Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the East African region: A meta-analysis

Abstract

IntroductionThere is a scarcity of epidemiological data on neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) in East Africa. This meta-analysis provides the regional prevalence of NDs, their contributing factors, and evidence of change over time concerning gender per age or year.MethodsArticles were retrieved from electronic databases following the PRISMA standard.ResultsForty-two studies were reviewed, and 25 were meta-analyzed with a random-effects model. The pool estimate proportion of 15.27%, 95% CI (0.09–0.23) (I2 = 98.25%), (Q = 1,369.15, p < 0.0001) among a population of 15,813 male/female and 1,257 with NDs. Epidemiological characteristics associated with NDs include Dyskinesias prevalence 55.4%, 95% CI (13.5; 90.9), I2 (96%) and subsistence farming prevalence 11.3%, 95% CI (5.8; 20.9), I2 (99%). Publication bias by Egger test was (z = 4.1913, p < 0.0001), while rank correlation test using Kendall's model was (tau = 0.1237, p = 0.3873). Heterogeneity (R2 design = 5.23%, p design < 0.0001; R2 size = 52.163%, p size < 0.001; and R2 period = 48.13, p period < 0.0001. Covariates (R2 design + size + period = 48.41%, p < 0.001).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of NDs in the East African region, which could impact life expectancy, morbidity, and quality of life. Thus, early screening and regular surveillance could assist in management strategies.

UCP-LF and other assay methods for schistosome circulating anodic antigen between 1978 and 2022

“…We limited the search to peer-reviewed articles that were published in the English language. The paper selection process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline [ 4 , 14 ].…”

“…The lack of proper diagnostic procedures has significant implications for the epidemiology of the disease [ 4 , 5 ]. For effective control of schistosomiasis, new or improved detection approaches are necessary, especially in nonendemic areas [ 6 ].…”

New Insights into Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…They are more common in the community as the average age of the population rises, becoming a serious worldwide diffuse health problem [ 2 ]. Annual incidence rates of NDDs are typically approximated at 10 to 15 per 100,000 people worldwide [ 3 ]. The diagnosis of NDDs is challenging because of the variety of clinical signs and symptoms and it is frequently only confirmed with a neuropathological investigation following the patient’s passing [ 4 ].…”

Fluoxetine attenuates stress-induced depression-like behavior due to decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines in male rats

“…6,7 Although depression affects millions, limited studies have been conducted on the prophylactic approach to its treatment. Several factors precipitate depressive behavior from physical, emotional or environmental (external) stressors such as fatigue, occupational hazards, loss of loved ones or internal stressors, like diseases, inflammation [8][9][10] and alcohol especially in genetically-predisposed individuals. 11 Ethanol increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which diminish cellular detoxification and repair capacity causing oxidative stress.…”