Epidemiology of Male Hypogonadism

Privacy and ethical challenges of the Amelogenin sex test in forensic paternity/kinship analysis: Insights from a 13-year case history

“…A recent study conducted on over 200,000 men of European ancestry aged 40 to 70 years from the UK Biobank showed that only 23% of KS cases identified by genotyping array or exome sequencing were aware of their condition [ 49 ]. The incidence rate of KS in our male sample (about 1 in 300) was slightly higher than that currently estimated in the general population (9-22:10,000 births) [ 49 , 50 ]. This was not unexpected in a case history of PK tests, due to the fact that KS is a cause of infertility and several PK tests are conducted to exclude paternity.…”

Treatment of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in male patients

“…3) CHH is one of the few treatable diseases of male infertility, although men with primary testicular dysfunction show irreversibly diminished spermatogenic capacity. [4][5][6] The approach to CHH treatment is determined by goals such as developing only virilization or inducing fertility. In this review, we describe therapeutic options from different perspectives.…”

The biochemical confirmation of adult male hypogonadism: Global perspectives from the International Society of Andrology

“…14 It may differ depending on the prevalence of the underlying iatrogenic causes, such as cancer treatments and opioid use; or possible metabolic causes, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 14 The T threshold to define age-related functional hypogonadism and the target for such therapy has been investigated in cohorts that are overwhelming Caucasian in origin, 9,15 which may not be generalizable to all men since the regulation of the HPT axis may differ among races. 16 The impact of aging and chronic diseases on the HPT axis needs to be deciphered in geographically diverse and multiethnic populations.…”

“…Nevertheless, gaps in knowledge exist that need to be addressed from a global perspective. The prevalence of male hypogonadism in large areas of Africa, Asia and South America has not been studied systematically 14 . It may differ depending on the prevalence of the underlying iatrogenic causes, such as cancer treatments and opioid use; or possible metabolic causes, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus 14 .…”

“…The prevalence of male hypogonadism in large areas of Africa, Asia and South America has not been studied systematically 14 . It may differ depending on the prevalence of the underlying iatrogenic causes, such as cancer treatments and opioid use; or possible metabolic causes, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus 14 . The T threshold to define age‐related functional hypogonadism and the target for such therapy has been investigated in cohorts that are overwhelming Caucasian in origin, 9,15 which may not be generalizable to all men since the regulation of the HPT axis may differ among races 16 .…”