During the past two decades the prevalence of obesity in children has increased greatly worldwide, including in East Asian countries. 1 Because obesity in childhood is closely related to obesity in adulthood and causes a wide range of serious complications such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and hyperinsulinemia, not only in later life but also in childhood, measurement of body composition including percent body fat (%BF) is important in pediatrics. 1 -6 Although anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI), obesity index and skinfold thickness are used in the clinical fi eld, they are not accurate and precise. The other established reference methods such as hydrodensitometry and deuterium (D 2 O) distribution methods are not suitable for routine pediatric clinical practice. 7,8 Only bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) could be used in the clinical setting because both methods are safe and easily accessible. 9,10 Validation studies have been done on DXA with other reference methods and it is known to have good accuracy and re producibility including in pediatric populations. 10 -14 It is still expensive, however, and not suitable for the bedside setting or epidemiological studies.Bioelectrical impedance analysis has been widely used in clinical fi elds. 15,16 Several studies have compared predictions of BIA %BF with measurements made using DXA.12,17 -21 Although adult studies showed good agreement between BIA and DXA, 17,18 most pediatric studies indicated that BIA lacks precision and was not interchangeable with DXA. 12,19 -21 We found that these discrepancies were due to small sample size, different ethnicity of study population and using BIA with single frequency in pediatric study .The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of multi-frequency BIA with eight tactile electrodes (MF-BIA8; InBody 720, Biospace, Seoul, Korea) compared with DXA in a healthy pediatric population. The MF-BIA8 device is known to be very accurate and was found to be infl uenced little by age, height, weight or sex in previous adult studies. 17,18,22 -24 MethodsOne hundred and sixty-six healthy children and adolescents were enrolled in the present study. There were 86 boys and 80 girls Original ArticleCross-calibration of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with eight-point tactile electrodes and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of body composition in healthy children aged 6 -18 years . Limit of agreement in FFM, FM, and %BF was 0.7 ± 2.3 kg, −0.9 ± 2.9 kg and -2.2 ± 6.1%, respectively. Conclusions : Although the %BF was not interchangeable with DXA, MF-BIA8 (InBody 720; Biospace) could be used to measure body composition of children and adolescents in the clinical fi eld because of its high precision.

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ObjectivesDyslipidemia is one of the important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Thus, to know the prevalence of dyslipidemia is the 1st step to make guidelines of screening and management plan. Although, American Academy of Pediatrics updated the guidelines for lipid in childhood, Asian study is rare.MethodsThe authors aimed to make a reference of each serum lipid level of Korean children and adolescents (2,363 subjects aged 10 to 18 years) from the data of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007–2009).ResultsThe mean serum concentrations for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were 158 mg/dL, 90 mg/dL, 90 mg/dL, and 49 mg/dL, respectively. The 95th percentile values for TC, LDL-C, and TG were 203 mg/dL, 129 mg/dL, and 185 mg/dL, respectively. The 5th percentile value for HDL-C was 36 mg/dL. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C, high TG, and low HDL-C was 6.5%, 4.7%, 10.1%, and 7.1%, respectively. Considering the risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes, approximately 0.41% of the subjects were potentially eligible for pharmacological treatment.ConclusionsThis information may be useful in not only Korean but also Asian planning programs for the prevention of cardiovascular disease through lipid control from childhood.