Epidemiology of leptospirosis in North-Central Italy: Fifteen years of serological data (2002–2016)

Bertelloni, Fabrizio; Cilia, Giovanni; Turchi, Barbara; Pinzauti, Paolo; Cerri, Domenico; Fratini, Filippo

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2019.04.001

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This last study was a nationwide serological survey involving 747 horse sera collected by all 10 Italian Istituti Zooprofilattici Sperimentali (IIZZSS) between 2010 and 2011. Another very recent study reported a seroprevalence of 2.89% with a 100 cut-off value [20]. In this case, only 74 horse sera collected in North-Central Italy in the period 2002-2016 were tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Leptospira Seroprevalence in Bardigiano Horses in Northern Italy

Vera

Taddei

Cavirani

et al. 2019

Animals

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A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bardigiano horses in the Province of Parma, Northern Italy, to assess the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. and to investigate risk factors associated with the infection. A representative sample of 134 horses from 43 farms was selected by stratified systematic randomization. Blood sera were examined by MAT for the presence of antibodies against seven Leptospira serovars. Ninety animals (67.2%; 95% Confidence Interval 63.2–71.1) and 41 farms (95.3%; 95% CI 92.2–98.5%) were found positive to at least one of the serovars. The most frequently detected reactions were against serovar Bratislava (41.8%), followed by Canicola (36.6%), Tarassovi (28.4%), Copenhageni (17.9%), Pomona (10.4%) and Hardjo (2.2%). None of the sera reacted against serovar Grippothyphosa. Forty-eight horses (53.3% of the seropositives) were positive for more than one serovar and 21 (15.7% of the seropositives) had serum titres ≥ 1000. Bratislava was the serovar providing the highest antibody titres. Prevalence was significantly higher between adult horses and in farms lacking rodent control (p = 0.006 and p = 0.025, respectively). No significant gender or housing-related difference in seroprevalence was found. The anamnestic data suggest that the infection in Bardigiano horses is subclinical in most of the cases. The high seroprevalence indicates that Bardigiano horses living in the investigated area are at high risk of exposure and infection by Leptospira spp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Leptospira Seroprevalence in Bardigiano Horses in Northern Italy

Vera

Taddei

Cavirani

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…Finally, regarding serovar Tarassovi, although the obtained data suggested a high resistance of the serovar Tarassovi to salt, which could favor a high environmental resistance, the prevalence of the infection due to L. Tarassovi is decreasing as emerged by recent investigations [3,49,50]. However, the reported high salt resistance, probably connected to a good environmental resistance, could be strictly connected to its epidemiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…As for Pomona, the capability to live in salt solution of serovar Bratislava could be potentially linked to other features for environmental resistance, also justified to the re-emergence and high diffusion of this serovars in several areas [3,[43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptospirosis is worldwide diffused and represents an important public health problem, the bacterium causes from mild to severe infection in both humans and animals [2]. Humans, domestic and wild animals represent Leptospira maintenance or accidental hosts [1,[3][4][5][6]. Recently, some Leptospira serovars seem to be able to infect atypical hosts [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Evaluation of In Vitro Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Effect of Salt on Leptospira spp.

Cilia

Fratini

Buona

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Environmental resistance is an important factor for understanding the epidemiology of leptospirosis. Recently, new Leptospira hosts were identified, including also marine mammals. Moreover, halotolerant Leptospira strain, isolated from the environment and animals, highlighted the capability of this microorganism to persist in the seawater. The aim of this research was to investigate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of salt on Leptospira strains belonging to 16 different serovars. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were verified through the microdilutions method starting from a 20% sodium chloride concentration. MIC values obtained were between 0.3125% and 10% of salt, while MBC values between 0.625% and >20%. Icterohaemorrhagiae (MIC: 0.3125%; MBC: 0.625%) resulted the most inhibited serovar, while the most resistant was Tarassovi (MIC: 10%; MBC: >20%). Interestingly, trends were reported for Pomona (MIC: 1.25%; MBC: >20%) and Bratislava (MIC: 0.625%; MBC: 20%), highlighting low MIC values but high MBC values. This is the first investigation aimed at the in vitro effect of salt on the growth of Leptospira spp. reference strains.

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“…Leptospirosis occurs in tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones, representing a public health problem due to its involving of humans, domestic and wild animals, which can be maintenance or accidental hosts [4,5]. Maintenance hosts are asymptomatic renal carriers, that contribute to maintaining and sharing the infection-shedding Leptospira with urine in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira Infections in Domestic and Wild Animals

2020

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide-distributed, re-emerging zoonosis due to the large variety of wild and domestic animal species that can play the role of natural or accidental host. Currently, specific animal species play an important role as the reservoir for particular Leptospira serovars, although recent investigations have highlighted new host–pathogen interactions involved in Leptospira epidemiology. Furthermore, the constant modification of ecosystems and wildlife habitats and the constantly increasing number of animal species moving towards urban or peri-urban areas are increasing the possibility of direct or indirect contacts between wildlife and domestic animals; furthermore, the constant modification of animal leptospirosis also causes problems for human health. The studies published in this Special Issue have evidenced and confirmed the hidden role of a large variety of animal species, domestic and wild, in the leptospirosis epidemiology. They highlighted the necessity for continuous monitoring and large-scale surveillance studies to better understand this neglected and re-emerging zoonosis.

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Epidemiology of leptospirosis in North-Central Italy: Fifteen years of serological data (2002–2016)

Cited by 50 publications

References 62 publications

Leptospira Seroprevalence in Bardigiano Horses in Northern Italy

Leptospira Seroprevalence in Bardigiano Horses in Northern Italy

Preliminary Evaluation of In Vitro Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Effect of Salt on Leptospira spp.

Leptospira Infections in Domestic and Wild Animals

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