Leptospira Infections in Domestic and Wild Animals

Cilia, Giovanni; Bertelloni, Fabrizio; Fratini, Filippo

doi:10.3390/pathogens9070573

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…According to the opinion of the leading experts in the leptospirosis field, the aetiological structure of this disease requires constant serological monitoring among farm animals and dogs, synanthropic rodents and all inhabitants of natural foci (Zhang et al 2019;Cilia et al 2020). Thus, we analysed the locations with positive reactions of swine leptospirosis for the period of 2001-2019 to each of the eight se-rovars used in the diagnostic kit for MAT in Ukraine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological prevalence of Leptospira serovars among pigs in Ukraine during the period of 2001-2019

Ukhovskyi¹,

Pyskun²,

Korniienko³

et al. 2022

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Leptospirosis is a widespread infection among pigs throughout the world. In most cases in Ukraine, only the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in animals. In general, during the period of 2001–2019, 2 381 163 samples of blood sera from swine were tested in our country and 85 338 positive reactions were received, which is 3.58% [binomial confidence intervals (BCI), 3.56–3.61%]. It was established that the serovars copenhageni – 33.91% (BCI, 33.59–34.23%), bratislava – 14.14% (BCI, 13.90–14.37%), pomona – 8.58% (BCI, 8.39–8.77%), and tarassovi – 7.12% (BCI, 6.95–7.30%) play a leading role in the aetiological structure of swine leptospirosis. A large number of positive reactions to several serovars was observed – 29.78% (BCI, 29.47–30.09%) of the total number of positive cases. In addition, the article presents data according to a retrospective analysis of the eight serovars circulating among pigs in Ukraine. Thus, during the nineteen year period, there was a decrease in the number of positive reactions to bratislava, pomona, and tarassovi and an increase in the number of positive reactions to copenhageni, polonica, and kabura. Mapping Ukraine’s territory for leptospirosis among pigs was carried out. This allows one to identify zones with a risk of leptospirosis infections among swine. The maps show that the highest incidence rates were identified in the eastern and central parts of Ukraine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological prevalence of Leptospira serovars among pigs in Ukraine during the period of 2001-2019

Ukhovskyi¹,

Pyskun²,

Korniienko³

et al. 2022

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Leptospirosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira, which is well known for infecting humans and a wide variety of domesticated and wild vertebrates [1]. Leptospira species have been described also in several 'unconventional' hosts [2] such as reptiles [3], amphibians [4], and cetaceans [5,6], as well as from many other different orders, suggesting that most microbial diversity in hosts is largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study

Piredda

Ponti

Piras

et al. 2021

Biology

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Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease in a wide variety of animal species, including humans and dogs. No data exist regarding the presence of Leptospira species in the canine population of Sardinia Island. This study reports the first sero-survey for leptospirosis in kennel and owned dogs from six areas of the north of Sardinia. Sera from 1296 dogs were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) specific for nine different serovars that are known to be well widespread in the Mediterranean environment. Moreover, kidney homogenates from rodents collected from the study area were also analyzed by LipL32 real-time PCR and multi-locus sequence type (MLST) on the basis of the analysis of seven concatenated loci. A total of 13% of the examined sera (95%CI: 11–15) tested positive for one or more serovars of Leptospira MAT detected; antibodies for serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae (57%; 95%CI: 49–65) were the most common, followed by serovars Bratislava (22%; 95%CI: 16–28), Canicola (14%; 95%CI: 9–19), and Grippotyphosa (7%; 95%CI: 3–11). MLST analyses on isolates from rodents identified L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii genomospecies. Different serovars belonging to pathogenic Leptospira serogroups are circulating in dogs from the island. Moreover, data obtained from rodents, indicated that rodents likely act as reservoir of spirochetes. Further sero-epidemiological studies are needed in order to obtain data from other collection sites in Sardinia and to increase the information on Leptospira species circulating in this area.

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“…Contact with animals (livestock, wildlife and companion), contaminated soil, and water serve as common sources of infection [4] . The severity of leptospirosis can range from asymptomatic colonization to mild or serious infection with life-threatening clinical manifestations including compromised kidney and liver function and pulmonary hemorrhage [2] , [5] . Over 1,000,000 cases of human leptospirosis are documented annually with over 60,000 deaths worldwide [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Leptospiral General Secretory Protein D (GspD), a secretin, elicits complement-independent bactericidal antibody against diverse Leptospira species and serovars

Schuler

Marconi

2021

Vaccine: X

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Leptospirosis, the most common zoonotic infection worldwide, is a multi-system disorder affecting the kidney, liver, and lungs. Infections can be asymptomatic, self-limiting or progress to multi-organ system failure and pulmonary hemorrhage. The incidence of canine and human leptospirosis is steadily increasing worldwide. At least sixty-four Leptospira species and several hundred lipopolysaccharide-based serovars have been defined. Preventive vaccines are available for use in veterinary medicine and limited use in humans in some countries. All commercially available vaccines are bacterin formulations that consist of a combination of laboratory cultivated strains of different lipopolysaccharide serotypes. The development of a broadly protective subunit vaccine would represent a significant step forward in efforts to combat leptospirosis in humans, livestock, and companion animals worldwide. Here we investigate the potential of G eneral s ecretory p rotein D (GspD; LIC11570), a secretin, to serve as a possible antigen in a multi-valent vaccine formulation. GspD is conserved, expressed in vitro, antigenic during infection and elicits antibody with complement independent bactericidal activity. Importantly, antibody to GspD is bactericidal against diverse Leptospira species of the P1 subclade. Epitope mapping localized the bactericidal epitopes to the N-terminal N0 domain of GspD. The data within support further exploration of GspD as a candidate for inclusion in a next generation multi-protein subunit vaccine.

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Leptospira Infections in Domestic and Wild Animals

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Serological prevalence of Leptospira serovars among pigs in Ukraine during the period of 2001-2019

Serological prevalence of Leptospira serovars among pigs in Ukraine during the period of 2001-2019

New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study

The Leptospiral General Secretory Protein D (GspD), a secretin, elicits complement-independent bactericidal antibody against diverse Leptospira species and serovars

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