Epidemiology of illicit drug use disorders in Iran: prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and service utilization results from the Iranian Mental Health Survey

Amin-Esmaeili, Ma­soumeh; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Sharifi, Vandad; Hajebi, Ahmad; Radgoodarzi, Reza; Mojtabai, Ramin; Hefazi, Mitra; Motevalian, Seyed Abbas

doi:10.1111/add.13453

Cited by 203 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar studies have also shown that the pleasure of smoking cigarette and its effect on reducing anxiety were the most important factors that increased students' tendency towards smoking (19). In the same line, various studies have shown that psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, were the most important factors in increasing the youth's tendency to use drugs (23). In order to prevent smoking tobacco including hookah, causes of stress and anxiety among students have to be evaluated and, at the same time, students have to be trained regarding the necessary skills to solve their psychological problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Knowledge and Attitudes of University Students Towards Hookah Smoking in Fasa, Iran

Jeihooni

Khiyali

Kashfi

et al. 2018

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: The habit of hookah smoking is increasing among the youth, which requires more attention. Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitudes of university students towards hookah smoking in Fasa, Iran, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods: This study was conducted on 157 university students in Fasa, Fars Province, Iran, in 2015. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information and TPB constructs. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS version 19 statistical software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results:The results showed that 80% of the students had plans for the cessation of hookah smoking. Additionally, a significant difference was found among the students of different universities regarding the scores of attitude (P = 0.003) and behavioral intention (P = 0.005). Moreover, the results of Mann-Whitney test showed that the scores of behavioral intention and attitude were higher among male participants (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.004, respectively). However, females obtained significantly higher scores regarding peer opinion (P < 0.001). Although the students believed that quitting smoking could help prevent many diseases, they continued hookah smoking because they thought it was non-addictive, relieved anxiety and fatigue, and its cessation might lead to the loss of contact with friends. Conclusions: Interventions for the cessation of hookah smoking should be based on elimination of positive attitudes toward hookah smoking and promotion of refusal skills, relaxation, and skills to cope with the temptation of hookah smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Knowledge and Attitudes of University Students Towards Hookah Smoking in Fasa, Iran

Jeihooni

Khiyali

Kashfi

et al. 2018

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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“…Opium use was the most frequently reported illicit drug. Overall, 40% of the interviewees with opioid dependence reported unmet drug treatment needs in the last 12 months (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iran MHS indicated that out of 7 841 interviewees, only 2.0% reported drug treatment in the last 12 months; 13.9% reported using TCP (1). A study of 71 opioid-dependents on TCP was conducted in Tehran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Community Program for Opioid-Dependent Treatment Seekers

Alammehrjerdi

Massah

Farhoudian

et al. 2017

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Therapeutic community program (TCP) is available for opioid users in Iran (Persia), the most populous Persian Gulf country. TCP can reduce opioid use and some associated harms. However, there are few studies about TCP in Iran. Objectives: The current qualitative study aimed to explore the self-perceived positive and negative aspects of TCP among a group of Persian opioid users in Tehran. Methods: The study was conducted at a large men-only TC center between December 2010 and July 2011. Overall, 50 opioid users were interviewed in eight roundtable meetings. Nine key informants were individually interviewed. NVivo 10 was used to thematically analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the participants was 38 (SD = 9) years. Participants were dependent on opioids. The thematic data analyses indicated that peer support, group meetings, and the lack of medications were the most frequently self-perceived positive aspects of TCP. Untreated withdrawal symptoms, long duration of residence, anxiety, and depression were the most frequently reported negative aspects of TCP. Conclusions:The identified positive treatment aspects should be considered to improve the TCP quality. The identified negative treatment aspects should be managed in the provision of TCP.

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“…It is mainly because of opioids being the most common drug of use in the Islamic Republic of Iran (1) in comparison to most other countries where cannabis is the most commonly used drug (2). In the past 15 years, drug use, mainly injecting drug use has contributed significantly to infectious diseases like HIV infection and viral hepatitis (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-pocket cost of drug abuse consequences: results from the Iranian National Mental Health Survey

Amin-Esmaeili

Hefazi

Radgoodarzi

et al. 2017

East Mediterr Health J

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Epidemiology of illicit drug use disorders in Iran: prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and service utilization results from the Iranian Mental Health Survey

Abstract: Opioid use disorders are the most common type of drug use disorders in Iran, setting Iran apart from many other countries. Patterns of service use suggest a large unmet need for drug use disorder treatment in Iran.

Cited by 203 publications

References 28 publications

Knowledge and Attitudes of University Students Towards Hookah Smoking in Fasa, Iran

Knowledge and Attitudes of University Students Towards Hookah Smoking in Fasa, Iran

Therapeutic Community Program for Opioid-Dependent Treatment Seekers

Out-of-pocket cost of drug abuse consequences: results from the Iranian National Mental Health Survey

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