Epidemiology of enteric viruses in children with gastroenteritis in Ogun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a global public health concern and Nigeria is one of the two countries accounting for 42% of global under‐5 deaths attributable to gastroenteritis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, seasonality, and risk factors of enteric viruses (EVs) in children with AGE in Ogun State, Nigeria. Stool samples collected from children under‐5 from three different hospitals between February 2015 and April 2017 were analyzed using molecular methods for the presence of four EVs (group A rotavirus [RVA], norovirus [NoV], human astrovirus [HAstV], and human adenovirus [HAdV]). Among the 175 samples analyzed, 63 (36%) were positive for at least one EV. The most prevalent was HAstV (19.4%), followed by RVA (16.6%), NoV (5.1%), and HAdV (5.1%). Mixed infections were found in 17 cases. No significant association was observed with age, sex, and risk factors. Though not significant, EV prevalence was higher in the dry season. Positive cases (asides HAdV) had no correlation with temperature and/or humidity. This study provides information on the prevalence and seasonal fluctuations of EVs, which will be of value in the effective management of patients and control strategies for viral gastroenteritis in the country.

Detection of Rotavirus and Adenovirus Co-infection among Apparently Healthy School Aged Children in Ilishan-remo Community of Ogun State, Nigeria

“…For instance, Arwa [13] reported a prevalence rate of 18.62% among children aged 1 to 19 years in Baghdad, Iraq, while Karim et al [1], reported a prevalence rate of 21.7% in a study carried out among children aged 1 to 5 years in Erbil City, Iraq. Also a more recent study carried out in 2019 by Arowolo et al [11], in Abeokuta, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria reported a prevalence rate of 16.6% in children less than 5 years of age. On the other hand, the prevalence rate was higher than that obtained by Betina et al [14], in a study conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark among children less than 5 years.…”

“…Rotavirus and Adenovirus are very important causes of diarrhea and death globally in children and these viruses continue to have great impacts on childhood morbidity and mortality [10]. According to Arowolo et al [11], Nigeria is one of the two countries accounting for 42% of global under-5 deaths attributable to gastroenteritis. The 5% Rotavirus infection prevalence recorded in this study is similar to the work of Mukhtar et al [12], who reported a prevalence of 5.3% in Katsina, North-Western Nigeria.…”

“…It is also comparable to the work of Kajbaf et al [17] who reported a prevalence of 3.3% in Southwestern Iran. However higher values of 4.8% in Denmark [14], 16.6% in Abeokuta, Nigeria [11] and 12.4% in Katsina, Nigeria [12] have been reported. As previously stated, these differences in prevalence rates could be due to differences in the geographical location or could also be due to the sample size or study duration.…”

“…This is slightly different from the findings of many studies in which infection was recorded among both sexes, however, the prevalence rate was not significantly different. Arowolo et al [11], explained that this lack of significant difference could be due to the fact that at younger ages, both sexes have little or no major differences in their lifestyles.…”

Astrovirus Gastroenteritis in Children Younger than 5 Years in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso): Prevalence and Risks Factors Influencing Severity

“…Others prevalence rates between 2 and 6% was reported by several studies in Iran, Gabon and Ivory Coast [1,18,19]. Higher prevalence has been reported in Nigeria (19.4%) [30] Brazil (33%) [15] and in South Africa (37%) [31].…”