Epidemiology of Cryptosporidiosis, New York City, New York, USA, 1995–20181

Abstract

have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Susan Madison-Antenucci, PhD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships: received grants for clinical research from Grifols.

Identification and Evaluation of Cryptosporidium Species from New York City Cases of Cryptosporidiosis (2015 to 2018): a Watershed Perspective

“…The comparison of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in this and the stormwater study suggest that even before chlorination and UV disinfection, stormwater samples studied in the streams of the NYC watershed have not resulted in the same types or proportions of Cryptosporidium species responsible for 88.8% of RT-PCR-positive cryptosporidiosis infections in NYC ( C. parvum and C. hominis ). This finding, demonstrating oocyst transmission by means other than drinking water, is supported in the study by Alleyne et al, in which the incidence in NYC was highest among those having person-to-person contact and where 30% of those interviewed (1995 to 2018) reported recent international travel ( 10 ). Of the remaining 62 specimens that were Cryptosporidium PCR positive, 27 (43.5%) specimens were identified to the species level, with almost half (13) being either C. felis or C. canis .…”

“…In 2015, the first year of the study, 52 stool specimens received were positive by RT-PCR. In 2016, 2017, and 2018, the number of positive specimens amenable to molecular identification increased to 148, 152, and 195, respectively, coincident with the broad introduction of a new gastrointestinal syndromic panel that included Cryptosporidium ( 10 , 11 ). Consistent with the increase in specimens that could be tested by molecular methods, overall the number of positive Cryptosporidium specimens submitted from NYC doubled from 100 in 2015 to 205 in 2016.…”

Double Trouble: Ten-Year-Old Girl With Chronic Diarrhea and Acute Abdominal Pain

“…Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoal infection that is commonly transmitted to humans via water contaminated with feces containing oocysts. 8 , 9 In the United States, cows are a common reservoir. Studies have shown high rates of colonization of Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned calves, 10 such as the Holstein calves for which our patient was caring prior to admission.…”