Epidemiology of cleft lip and palate. An attempt to rule out chance correlations.

Abstract

The findings of a previous epidemiological study on oral clefts (599 children) were tested in an independent sample of 194 children, using the same source as for the previous study (Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations). Several of the earlier results--such as seasonal variation and associations between clefts and parental age, social factors, and emotional stress--were not reproduced. It is concluded that chance correlations introduce a marked problem to epidemiological studies. The findings of both studies show that there is an exceptionally high incidence of cleft palate in Finland. Significant geographical variations and associations between clefts and prematurity, threatened abortion during the first and second trimesters, maternal drug consumption during the first trimester, and influenza and fever during the first trimester were found. The possible role of these findings in the aetiology of oral clefts is discussed, and particular attention is paid to the possible teratogenicity of salicylates.

The incidence of cleft lip and palate in the Czech Republic in 1994–2008

“…The study of birth incidence in Scotland in years [1971][1972][1973][1974][1975][1976][1977][1978][1979][1980][1981][1982][1983][1984][1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990] showed an occurrence 1.4/1000. In Finland, the total incidence in 1967-1971 was 1.71/1000 and in Denmark in 1988-2001 it was 1.44 per 1000 live born infants (19,39,(50)(51). Thus, we can say that the results presented in this study are consistent with previous studies on populations with a very high proportion of Caucasians.…”

Prevalência de fissuras orais de 1975 a 1994

“…10 No Brasil existem três estudos a respeito dessa ocorrência: (1) um deles foi realizado em 1968, entre escolares de Bauru, SP, obtendo-se a prevalência de 1,54 por 1.000; 7 (2) Souza et al 16 analisaram 12.782 prontuários de maternidades e encontraram a prevalência de 0,47 por 1.000 nascidos vivos; (3) e em Porto Alegre, RS, para o período de 1970 a 1974, foi encontrada a prevalência de 0,88 por 1.000 nascidos vivos. 1 Existem vários estudos sobre a ocorrência da anomalia em diferentes países, sendo que alguns incluem aspectos referentes à sazonalidade, 3,8 à classe social, 3 à etnia, 9 à idade dos pais, 17 ao peso ao nascer, 2 ao tabagismo, 13 à ingestão de medicamentos 15 e à procedência. 12 No Brasil, há um trabalho pioneiro sobre possíveis fatores de risco para o aparecimento da anomalia, 5 que inclui uma análise quantitativa de alguns dos aspectos citados e outros referentes a poluição, ocupação, consumo de bebida alcoólica, ingestão de drogas, doenças na mãe, exposição a herbicida/pesticida na lavoura, exposição a raio-X na gestação e hereditariedade.…”

Maternal cigarette smoking and oral clefts: a population-based study.

“…While several studies have reported positive associations between smoking and specific malformations, 4 particularly oral clefts,9' others did not find such relationships. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In this study, we examined the association between cigarette smoking and oral clefts using data from the Maryland Birth Defects Reporting and Information System (BDRIS). We discuss the importance of grouping malformations into homogeneous categories"' in etiologic studies.…”