The incidence of cleft lip and palate in the Czech Republic in 1994–2008

Abstract

Objective: To determine the incidence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in the Czech Republic among infants born during 1994 -2008 as well as to defi ne the ratio per live births and sex ratios. Another aim was to determine whether there was any trend in the incidence in this time period. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Prague Center for the Treatment of Congenital Facial Anomalies. Material and methods: Data were collected from the National Birth Defects Register (Institute of Health Information and Statistics), the Czech Statistical Offi ce and the Czech Health Statistics Yearbooks. The incidence, ratios per live births and sex differences were calculated. Possible trends in the data series were investigated. Results: Totally 2417 infants with a cleft defect were found among 1 471 789 newborns in time period 1994-2008. The overall incidence was 1.64 per 1000 live births or 1 in 600 live births. The incidence of cleft lip was 0.39/1000, the incidence of cleft palate was 0.68/1000 and the incidence of cleft lip and palate was 0.57/1000. The ratio per live births was 1 in 2648 in cleft lip, 1 in 1801 in cleft lip and palate and 1 in 1505 in cleft palate. The incidence was much higher among male babies in cleft lip patients (male to female ratio 2.07) and in patients with cleft lip and palate (males to females ratio 1.85). The male to female ratio in cleft palate newborns was 0.92. No traceable trend was found in the incidence. Conclusions: In the Czech Republic, every year approximately 170 infants with cleft lip and/or palate were born, the incidence was 1.64 per 1000 live born infants during considered period. Males were affected more frequently with isolated cleft lip and cleft lip and palate, on the other hand, in cleft palate patients, there was a slight dominance of females. Further long-term studies are necessary in order to elucidate reasons of the oscillations in incidence of cleft anomalies, to identify possible teratogens and to give a starting indication for planning health service resource requirements for this group of affected infants (Tab. 3, Fig. 4

Prevalence of dental caries in dentistry students

“…Caries experience on one or few tooth surfaces and low difference between DFT and DFS indices shows the possibility for preserving tooth structures and preventing further consequences. The trend in modern dentistry lies in prevention of dental caries and non-invasive therapy (18,21). This is possible only under well-timed diagnosis of initial stages of carious process and regular visiting the dentist (11,16).…”

Prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate in children from Lodz between years 1981–2010

“…However, the higher value may result from the longer period of our research (30 years) compared to the Slovak study (15 years). Other European research indicates the lower incidence of cleft lip and/or palate: 1.64/1000 in the Czech Republic, 1.68/1000 in the Netherlands, 1.6/1000 in Ireland (Rozendaal et al 2011;Urbanova et al 2013;McDonnell et al 2014). Reported lower frequency may result from a shorter scientific period and/or different ways of data collecting.…”

Amount of folic acid in different types of nutrition used in the neonatal period

“…It plays the leading role in decreasing the incidence of NTD and other congenital anomalies (10,11,15). Prevention is always much better than subsequent medical care (12).…”