Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and first report of blaVIM carbapenemases gene in calves from India

Abstract

A cross-sectional study on six dairy farms was conducted to ascertain the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli in calves. Two-hundred and seventy-nine isolates of E. coli were recovered from 90 faecal samples from apparently healthy (45) and diarrhoeal (45) calves. The isolates were screened for phenotypic susceptibility to carbapenems and production of metallo β-lactamase, as well as five carbapenemase resistance genes by PCR, and overexpression of efflux pumps. Eighty-one isolates (29.03%) were resistant to at least one of three carbapenem antibiotics [meropenem (23.30%), imipenem (2.15%) and ertapenem (1.43%)], and one isolate was positive for the blaVIM gene which was located on an Incl1 plasmid of a novel sequence type (ST 297) by multilocus sequence typing. The majority (83.95%) of isolates had an active efflux pump. Calves housed on concrete floors were approximately seven times more likely to acquire meropenem-resistant isolates than those housed on earthen floors (95% CI 1.27–41.54). In India, carbapenem drugs are not used in food animal treatment, hence carbapenem-resistant strains in calves possibly originate from the natural environment or human contact and is of public health importance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of blaVIM carbapenemases gene in calves from India.

Antimicrobial Resistance Factors of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Cattle Farms and Raw Beef in North-West Province, South Africa

“…In addition, 33.3-100% In the present study, large proportions (53.1%) of the isolates possessed ESBL genes and the blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM genes most frequently detected in E. coli than in K. pneumoniae isolates. ese results are in accordance with the ndings of a previous study conducted in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa as well as in India [14,[41][42][43][44]. Of great concern ESBL gene determinants detected in the present study was higher than those of a similar study previously conducted in Nigeria [38].…”

“…A further objective of the study was to screen E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates for ESBL antibiotic resistance gene determinants. Despite the fact that ESBL resistance genes have most frequently been detected among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from humans, clinical care and hospital facilities, a number of studies have also reported that ESBL resistance genes are harboured by E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains from food-producing animals, meat products as well as vegetables [9,11,14,38,[40][41][42][43][44]. In most studies, ESBL genes (blaCXT-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCMY) were the most frequently detected resistant determinants in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Salmonella species [6,14,37].…”

“…In most studies, ESBL genes (blaCXT-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCMY) were the most frequently detected resistant determinants in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Salmonella species [6,14,37]. ESBL isolates that possess these resistant determinants particularly blaCXT-M may pose severe public health complications to humans if consumption in contaminated food products [11,14,[40][41][42][43][44]. pneumoniae isolates from beef samples were very similar despite the differences in their sampling stations and this was in accordance with a previous report [45].…”

Antimicrobial Usage Factors and Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Backyard Production Systems From Central Chile

“…The PCA analysis suggest that some of the continuous variable measures during sampling, can have implications on the decision of AM usage, among them, the number of cattle raised at the BPS shows importance on the determination of AM use, as reported widely, mainly linked to the eagerness of livestock producers to meet high demand by using AM as promoters of animal growth and disease prevention, arising AMR ( 95 ), as it has been reported for E. coli in calves from India, observing presence of several resistance genes for carbapenems, drugs not used in food animal treatment, hence carbapenem-resistant strains in calves could possibly by originated from the natural environment or human contact ( 96 ). It has also been described to BPS pig farmers, that presents low training on animal raising, with low knowledge on AM, engaging in several irrational AM use practices ( 97 ).…”

Multi-drug Resistant (MDR), Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) and New Delhi Metallo Beta-lactamase (NDM) Producing Escherichia Coli in Rescued Sloth Bears (Melursus Ursinus), India

“…The e ux pump-mediated carbapenem resistance was noticed in two (40 %, 2/5) isolates. E ux pump mediated carbapenem resistance was noticed in E. coli isolated from piglets and dairy calves (Pruthvishree et al 2017;Murugan et al 2019). Chloramphenicol (catI, oR), aminoglycoside (ac (3)-IV, aph (3′)-IIa), quinolone (qnrS, qnrA, qnrB), trimethoprim (dhfrI), sulphadimidine (sulI, sulII) and tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB) were commonly detected in the phenotypic resistance isolates.…”