Epidemiology of canine leishmaniosis in Catalonia (Spain)

Fisa, Roser; Gállego, M.; Castillejo, Soledad; Aisa, M. J.; Serra, T.; Riera, Cristina; Carrió, Jaume; Gallego, Javier González; Portús, Montserrat

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00074-6

Cited by 128 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Once in the vertebrate host, the parasite can cause lesions and symptoms that are characteristic of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), although some infected dogs may be oligosymptomatic or asymptomatic (Mancianti and Meciani, 1988), and some can evolve to spontaneous cure (Fisa et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 and parasite density in spleen and liver ofL. (L.) chagasinaturally infected dogs

Michelin

Perri

Lima

2011

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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Dogs are the main domestic reservoirs of L. (L.) chagasi. Once in the vertebrate host, the parasite can cause visceral leishmaniasis, which can also be transmitted to humans. Cytokines are key elements of the host immune response against Leishmania spp. To investigate whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 are associated with pattern infection in dogs, these cytokines were quantified in the spleen and liver of dogs naturally infected with L. (L.) chagasi, with or without clinical manifestations, and their levels were correlated with the parasite load verified in these organs. A total of 40 adult dogs naturally infected with L. (L.) chagasi were assessed, together with 12 uninfected control dogs. Samples from spleen and liver were used to determine the cytokine levels by capture ELISA and for quantifying parasite load by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the minimum Chi square method and group means were compared using the Tukey test. TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in infected dogs were higher than in control groups; the liver was the main cytokine-producing organ during infection. The level of splenic TNF-a showed correlation with parasite load and may represent an important marker for infection process evolution, with the participation of IL-10. These results may contribute to a clearer understanding of the immune response in dogs infected with L. (L.) chagasi, which may lead to the development of prophylactic or preventive measures for these animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 and parasite density in spleen and liver ofL. (L.) chagasinaturally infected dogs

Michelin

Perri

Lima

2011

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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“…The susceptible population presents a dynamic spectrum of manifestations ranging from sub clinical disease to a thoroughly manifest disease, accounting for onethird of infected animals [41]. After infection with Leishmania parasite persists throughout the life of the dog.…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dog as a Risk Factor in Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review

Costa¹

2012

AID

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health problem in Brazil and worldwide. Despite the euthanasia of dogs serologically positive, such action has not solved the endemic in Brazil. A risk area for VL involves the presence of the vector, the occurrence of canines and the record of human cases. The factors that have favored the persistence and spread of VL in Brazil are related to the predatory action of man on the environment, to the migratory movements and rural exodus, and a close coexistence of man and animals. Thus considering the epidemiological chain of VL, one fact seems clear: we do not know yet the true extent of the participation of the dog in the infectious cycle of VL. The clinical disease is an important indicator of the extent of the problem in an endemic area. The immunological events are complex and involve resistance and susceptibility to canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). One aspect in CVL is that many symptomatic dogs underwent xenodiagnosis not infect the vector. In such cases the pattern recognition receptors CD11b+, TLR2+, and NO present higher values for dogs with results in immunohistochemistry of skin and xenodiagnosis negative (IMH − /XENO − ) than dogs with immunohistochemistry in skin and xenodiagnosis positive (IMH + /XENO + ), suggesting that innate immunity modulates the competence of the dog to infect the vector. The organic response in CVL varies from individual to individual and within the same individual, with a strong evidence of being organ-specific. Only 20% of asymptomatic dogs have parasites in the skin and 15% are able to recover from clinical signs and eliminate the parasites spontaneously. In this review, we analyze the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis and clinical, immunological and pathological conditions that can contribute to understanding the role of dogs in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis.

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“…L eishmaniosis is a zoonotic disease and an increasing public health problem worldwide (Acedo-Sán-chez et al, 1996;Fisa et al, 1999;Sideris et al, 1999). Leishmania species cause a variety of human and animal diseases, ranging from self-limited cutaneous to the more severe diffuse cutaneous and visceral forms as consequence of the complex host immunological response depending on the invading Leishmania species (Grimaldi and Tesh, 1993;Gomes et al, 2008, Gramiccia M, 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leishmania species cause a variety of human and animal diseases, ranging from self-limited cutaneous to the more severe diffuse cutaneous and visceral forms as consequence of the complex host immunological response depending on the invading Leishmania species (Grimaldi and Tesh, 1993;Gomes et al, 2008, Gramiccia M, 2011. Dogs are considered to be the main reservoir of L. infantum constituting part of the epidemiological cycle of human transmission (Acedo-Sánchez et al, 1996;Fisa et al, 1999;Gramiccia, 2011). The phlebotomine sand flies are the natural vector of Leishmania and play an important role in the transmission (Alonso et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of leishmaniosis in dogs in Istanbul,Turkey determined by using PCR

Bilgin

Turan

Yılmaz

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Leishmania infantum is widespread in Mediterranean countries including Turkey and can cause a serious disease in both humans and dogs. Dogs are considered to be its main reservoirs. The current epidemiological study was carried out in Istanbul for detection of leishmaniosis among dogs. A total of 246 dogs were included in the study. Twenty one (8.54%) blood samples were found to be positive based on PCR diagnosis, using primers specific for the kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania. Infection rate was 6.51% in 169 dogs living in shelters and 12.99% in 77 client-owned dogs. The rate was significantly (p<0.001) higher in the dogs (37.93%) presenting one or more clinical symptoms which may be attributable to leishmaniosis, than in the asymptomatic dogs (4.61%). Eleven (52.4%) of 21 PCR positive dogs presented clinical symptoms whereas the rest of the dogs (47.62%) were asymptomatic. The major clinical sign in PCR positive animals was dermatological problems. Amongst PCR positive dogs, skin lesions were present in 11, weight loss in 2, lymphadenopathy in 2, epistaxis in 2 and lethargy in 2 dogs.

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Epidemiology of canine leishmaniosis in Catalonia (Spain)

Cited by 128 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 and parasite density in spleen and liver ofL. (L.) chagasinaturally infected dogs

Evaluation of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 and parasite density in spleen and liver ofL. (L.) chagasinaturally infected dogs

The Dog as a Risk Factor in Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review

Prevalence of leishmaniosis in dogs in Istanbul,Turkey determined by using PCR

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