Epidemiology of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Thailand.

Vuddhakul, Varaporn; Tharavichitkul, Prasit; Na-ngam, Narisorn; Jitsurong, Siroj; Kunthawa, B; Noimay, Pitak; Binla, A; Thamlikitkul, Visanu

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.458

Cited by 89 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…B. pseudomallei isolates were tested for arabinose assimilation by growth on minimal salts agar containing 0.2% L-arabinose (Wuthiekanun et al 1996) ( Lertpatanasuwan et al 1999), all isolates causing melioidosis in our study were Ara-. Our findings support previous observations described by Vuddhakul et al (1999) in Thailand and by Miralles et al (2004) in Brazil. In this study, the results of the biochemical profile in the OF medium tests with lactose, maltose, and mannitol for isolates 1 and 3 differed from those Gilligan and Whittier (1999), but this may reflect differences in methodology utilized for assimilation tests, rather than genuine differences in Brazilian isolates.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

Phenotypic characterization of three clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Ceará, Brazil

Virginio

Teixeira

Frota

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Melioidosis is a serious human disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Isolation of B. pseudomallei from human samples had not been reported in Brazil until 2003(Miralles et al. 2004, Braga & Almeida 2005. The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of these Brazilian isolates of the species with others reported in the literature, and to alert microbiologists in the region to these characteristics in order to enable them to recognize subsequent cases.In this study three isolates of B. pseudomallei were analyzed. These were isolated from clinical samples from a small cluster of cases that occurred in Tejuçuoca, Ceará, Brazil, involving three patients from the same family, aged 10-15 years old. Two strains of B. pseudomallei were initially isolated on MacConkey agar from the spleen, liver, and lung and one strain from blood culture in BHI broth. All procedures involving viable cells were performed in a category 3 containment laboratory.Strains were identified phenotipically according to the criteria described for gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli and by characteristics on Ashdown selective medium (Ashdown 1979, Gilligan & Whittier 1999, Koneman et al. 2001. The identification of B. pseudomallei was confirmed by biochemical tests using the API 20NE system (bioMérieux) (Dance et al. 1989).The bacteria were short, motile bipolar gram-negative bacilli. All three isolates showed characteristic bipolar staining, probably because of intracellular deposits of β-hydroxy butyric acid (Inglis et al. 2001, Sprague & Neubauer 2004. A thick and dry pellicle with a matt surface was seen on BHI broth cultures. This pellicle forms at the broth-air interface, possibly because of positive aerotaxis of B. pseudomallei, and reflects a type of a multicellular organization that resembles a biofilm.On MacConkey agar after 24 h of incubation the colonies were pink-transparent, small, smooth, with sheen and convex. After seven days of culture, isolates 1 and 3 showed larges, circulars, viscous, with sheen on surface and entire borders colonies. Isolate 2 also produced circulars, with surface sheen and pink colonies, however showed consistence dry and wrinkled.Ashdown's selective agar is commonly used to culture the organism from a mixed flora. All the B. pseudomallei isolates had characteristic colonial morphology on Ashdown agar. The colonies were smooth, moist, purple in color, dome shaped, about 0.8 to 1 mm in diameter, on plates after 24 h of incubation at 37ºC. After seven days of incubation isolate 2 grew as purple colonies, wrinkled, 5 to 6 mm in diameter, which had centrally umbonated, with radiating ridges at the periphery and a characteristic earthy odor; this showed a typical colonial morphology (Ashdown 1979). Isolates 1 and 3 included both smooth and mucoid colonies. The isolation of mucoid variant strains from clinical specimens is relatively uncommon (Inglis et al. 2001). Howard and Inglis (2003) have suggested that this may reflect inhibitory effect of crystal violet in Ashdown's agar. However, th...

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supporting

confidence: 93%

Phenotypic characterization of three clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Ceará, Brazil

Virginio

Teixeira

Frota

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…A recent study also reported a higher incidence of B. pseudomallei in soil and water samples in northeastern Thailand, and that the distribution of B. pseudomallei was uneven even in positive sites. 22 Since isolations in the later study were entirely by cultural methods rather than animal inoculation as in our study, the more recent samplings could have included a higher proportion of the avirulent species (B. thailandensis). 21 Although the higher reported incidence of cases in the northeast region of Thailand argues against this hypothesis, the matter is now being further studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…21 Although the higher reported incidence of cases in the northeast region of Thailand argues against this hypothesis, the matter is now being further studied. 22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) pseudomallei in Thailand, 1964-1967: geographic distribution of the organism, attempts to identify cases of active infection, and presence of antibody in representative sera.

Finkelstein¹,

Atthasampunna²,

Chulasamaya³

2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Melioidosis patients are infected either by inhalation or percutaneous inoculation from contaminated muddy soil or stagnant water in endemic locations and have resulted in pneumonia and/or sepsis with high mortality rate (up to 40%) of treated patients (Cheng and Currie, 2005;White, 2003;Dance, 1991). In Thailand, the highest incidence of melioidosis cases has been seen in the northeast with the highest presence of B. pseudomallei in soil (Vuddhakul et al, 1999). A prospective cohort study in northeast Thailand during 1997 to 2006 revealed the increasing incidence of human melioidosis indicating that the disease is an emerging public health issue (Limmathurotsakul et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of soil environmental characteristics affect the presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Khon Kaen, Thailand

Suebrasri¹,

Wang-ngarm²,

Chareonsudjai³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The environmental Gram negative bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, have been found globally. B. pseudomallei can survive under a wide range of environmental conditions and is isolated from soil in both rainy and dry seasons. The correlation of melioidosis cases have been predominantly found present in B. pseudomallei during rainfall. In the present study, various physicochemical properties of soil in rainy and dry seasons in Khon Kaen, Thailand, where melioidosis is endemic, were investigated for their correlations with the presence of B. pseudomallei. The results revealed that the mean soil pH of 6.05, the low percentage of water holding capacity (%WHC) and the low iron (Fe) were significantly correlated with the presence of B. pseudomallei (p < 0.05) in the rainy season, while high concentration of manganese (Mn) was correlated with the presence of this bacterium in dry season (p < 0.05). These data will be useful in the control of B. pseudomallei in the environment to reduce melioidosis cases.

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Epidemiology of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Thailand.

Cited by 89 publications

References 14 publications

Phenotypic characterization of three clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Ceará, Brazil

Phenotypic characterization of three clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Ceará, Brazil

Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) pseudomallei in Thailand, 1964-1967: geographic distribution of the organism, attempts to identify cases of active infection, and presence of antibody in representative sera.

Seasonal variation of soil environmental characteristics affect the presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Khon Kaen, Thailand

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