Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis and Its Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control

Audarya, S.D.; Chhabra, Daljeet; Sharda, Rakesh; Gangil, R.; Sikrodia, Ravi; Jögi, Jonas; Shrivastava, Neeraj

doi:10.5772/intechopen.100582

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…One distinguishing feature of these regions is that they have extremely high population densities, and Bangladesh and some regions in India each have a population density of over 1,000 per sq km ( 19 ). In addition, in these regions, milk is usually produced in rural settings where the majority of the population resides ( 37 ). We also noted a surge in cases from China in the past decade, which may be partly related to the selection of three Chinese databases for this study and the increasing attention to bovine mastitis in this country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of Klebsiella spp. in milk samples from dairy cows with mastitis—A global systematic review

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThe overall prevalence of Klebsiella spp., a group of important zoonotic pathogens, in the global dairy herds and the risk of cross-species transmission between humans and dairy cows remain to be clarified. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of Klebsiella spp. in milk samples from dairy cows with mastitis worldwide and to assess the factors influencing the prevalence of these strains.MethodsQualified studies published from 2007 to 2021 were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, WanFang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP Chinese Journal Database. Calculations of prevalence and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed for all the studies using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation (PFT).ResultsA total of 79,852 milk samples from 55 manuscripts were examined in this meta-analysis, and 2,478 samples were found to be positive for Klebsiella spp. The pooled prevalence estimates worldwide were 7.95% (95% CI: 6.07%–10.06%), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.8%, p = 0). The sampling period of 2013–2020 had a higher (p < 0.05) Klebsiella-positive proportion of milk samples (12.16%, 95% CI: 8.08%–16.90%) than that of 2007–2012 (3.85%, 95% CI: 2.67%–5.21%), indicating that bovine mastitis caused by Klebsiella may become increasingly prevalent. The risk factors for the high prevalence of Klebsiella in milk samples mainly included: economic development level (developing countries; 11.76%, 95% CI: 8.25%–15.77%), mastitis type (CM; 11.99%, 95% CI: 8.62%–15.79%), and population density (>500 per sq km; 10.28%, 95% CI: 2.73%–21.58%). Additionally, a bivariate meta-regression analysis revealed that the multidrug-resistance (MDR) rate of the epidemic strains was also closely related to economic development level (R2 = 78.87%) and population density (R2 = 87.51%).DiscussionDue to the potential risk of cross-species transmission between humans and cows, the prevalence of mastitis milk-derived Klebsiella and its high MDR rate need to be monitored, especially in developing countries with high population densities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of Klebsiella spp. in milk samples from dairy cows with mastitis—A global systematic review

et al. 2023

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“…Mastitis is the most economically significant disease of the mammary gland in ewes. These economic losses are associated with direct or indirect factors such as the cost of the treatment of the sick animals, increased mortality rates, reduced milk production, and led excessive culling of the herd (17,18). Management of the pack have been associated with multiple causes that consider as a predisposing factor for ewe's mastitis like hygiene, the conformation of the udders, healthy animal statues, suckling and prolificacy of the lamb, genetic factor (19) practices of the milk, and food, inadequate nutrition and decreased of vitamins-the causative organism like Strep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological and histochemical study of mastitis in sheep

Rahawi

Al-Sabaawy

Ismail

2022

IJVS

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Ovine mastitis is considered one of the problems that cause economic losses through its impact on milk production, which is unfit for human consumption. The current study aimed to shed light on mastitis in sheep in different areas of Mosul city. The results of the recent study showed the presence of mammary macroscopic and microscopic changes. Macroscopic changes were represented by the large size of the udder and changes in the color and texture, as well as clarity of sloughing and desquamation of the skin with clear exudation, especially in advanced cases. On the other hand, other samples showed the presence of hard nodules on the udders. In contrast, the histological changes represented by degenerative and necrotic changes 3.5%, and 21.4% of the sample appeared to suffer from liquefactive necrosis and abscesses infiltrated with inflammatory cells, 25% of the samples infected with granulomatous mastitis (nodular mastitis), other models showed that the udder infected with atrophy and metaplasia in the rate of 21%, thickening of the blood vessel wall with clot represented 14.2% and the deposition of calcium salt was 14.2%. The current study concludes that mastitis in sheep is widespread in sheep raised in different areas of Mosul city.

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“…Bovine intramammary infection (IMI) or bovine mastitis is the inflammatory response of the mammary gland tissues of cows primarily to microbial infections . According to the estimates, the yearly financial loss from bovine mastitis incurred in some of the prominent milk-producing countries such as the United States, Canada, India, and Australia amount to $2 billion, $310 million, $971 million, and $130 million, respectively. − Reduced milk production, milk loss, extra labor charges, treatment, and veterinary service costs all cumulatively account for financial losses, making mastitis the most threatening bacterial disease in the dairy cattle industry globally …”

Section: Bovine Mastitis–impact On Agriculture and Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Mastitis: Examining Factors Contributing to Treatment Failure and Prospects of Nano-enabled Antibacterial Combination Therapy

Majumder

Eckersall

George

2023

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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Bovine mastitis, primarily caused by microbial infections of cow mammary glands leading to inflammation, is the costliest disease in the dairy industry. The severity and the responsiveness of mastitis to treatment depend on the dynamic interplay between the host, pathogen, and environmental factors. Evidently, the prospects of managing mastitis with conventional antibiotic treatment and disease management strategies are grim with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the prevalence of virulence characteristics such as biofilm formation and intracellular survival among the persistent pathogens. Thus, there is a need for safe and economically viable alternate therapies capable of targeting broad-spectrum pathogens displaying AMR and virulence characteristics. Recent progress in the application of nanotechnology in drug delivery and infection control provides unprecedented opportunities for resolving recalcitrant infections. While the advantages of nanotechnology have been exploited for therapeutic delivery in humans, the potential of nanotechnology is yet to be realized in animal agriculture, especially for treating bovine mastitis. This review provides an overview of risk factors and pathogenesis associated with bovine mastitis that challenge the success of current treatment strategies and highlights how those unique challenges could be exploited for designing effective nano-enabled antibacterial combination therapy for bovine mastitis treatment.

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Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis and Its Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of Klebsiella spp. in milk samples from dairy cows with mastitis—A global systematic review

Prevalence and risk factors of Klebsiella spp. in milk samples from dairy cows with mastitis—A global systematic review

Histopathological and histochemical study of mastitis in sheep

Bovine Mastitis: Examining Factors Contributing to Treatment Failure and Prospects of Nano-enabled Antibacterial Combination Therapy

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