Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders

French, L; Bertone, Armando; Hyde, Krista L.; Fombonne, Éric

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391924-3.00001-6

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…(Baird et al 2006; Gillberg, Cederlund, Lamberg, & Zeijlon 2006; Honda, Shimizu, & Rutter 2005; Isaksen et al 2012; Lazoff, Zhong, Piperni, & Fombonne 2010; Oliveira et al 2007; Williams, Thomas, Sidebotham, & Emond 2008) However, the exact age ranges considered for these estimates differed somewhat and so these comparisons are not exact. (French et al 2013)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Leonard et al 2011; Pettygrove et al 2012) This situation limits the ability to conclude whether a real increase in incidence (from biological influences) also contributes to this dramatic increase in reported prevalence and incidence rates. (Fombonne 2001, 2003, 2009; French, Bertone, Hyde, & Fombonne 2013; Isaksen et al 2013; Wing & Potter 2002)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders Incidence by Sub-Populations in Israel 1992–2009: A Total Population Study

Raz

Weisskopf

Davidovitch

et al. 2014

J Autism Dev Disord

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We analyzed data from the Israeli National Insurance Institute (NII). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) incidence was calculated for all children born in Israel 1992-2009, and by population groups. Overall, 9,109 ASD cases among 2,431,649 children were identified. ASD cumulative incidence by age 8 years increased 10-fold during 2000-2011, from 0.049% to 0.49%, while other child disabilities in NII increased only 1.65-fold. There was a consistent increase in ASD incidence with advancing birth cohorts born 1992-2004, stabilizing among those born 2005-2009. ASD rates among Israeli Arabs were substantially lower, and increased about 10 years later than the general population. The findings suggest a role for ASD awareness, accessing of the government benefit, or the way the concept of ASD is perceived.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders Incidence by Sub-Populations in Israel 1992–2009: A Total Population Study

Raz

Weisskopf

Davidovitch

et al. 2014

J Autism Dev Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It also remains unclear whether these known chromosomal abnormalities can be used to shed light on the underlying cause of all forms of ASD, or merely serve as evidence of the heterogeneity of ASD. Autism is a highly heritable condition with concordance rates of up to 90% in monozygotic twins, and up to 30% in dizygotic twins [Folstein & Rosen‐Sheidley, ; French et al, ]. Linkage analysis and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have found numerous rare variants associated with ASD, supporting a genetic heterogeneity hypothesis [Ma et al, ].…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Emerging Technologies

et al. 2015

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental condition. Symptoms of ASD cover the spectrum from mild qualitative differences in social interaction to severe communication and social and behavioral challenges that require lifelong support. Attempts at understanding the pathophysiology of ASD have been hampered by a multifactorial etiology that stretches the limits of current behavioral and cell based models. Recent progress has implicated numerous autism-risk genes but efforts to gain a better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms have seen slow progress. This is in part due to lack of appropriate models for complete molecular and pharmacological studies. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has reinvigorated efforts to establish more complete model systems that more reliably identify molecular pathways and predict effective drug targets and candidates in ASD. iPSCs are particularly appealing because they can be derived from human patients and controls for research purposes and provide a technology for the development of a personalized treatment regimen for ASD patients. The pluripotency of iPSCs allow them to be reprogrammed into a number of CNS cell types and phenotypically screened across many patients. This quality is already being exploited in protocols to generate 2-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) models of neurons and developing brain structures. iPSC models make powerful platforms that can be interrogated using electrophysiology, gene expression studies, and other cell-based quantitative assays. iPSC technology has limitations but when combined with other model systems has great potential for helping define the underlying pathophysiology of ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 513-535. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…However, all of those companies together make for only a few hundred jobs, and even that is a rather optimistic estimate. With an estimated prevalence of Autism of 74 in 10,000 children [19], this obviously is insufficient.…”

Section: From Between Sides: Autism Neurodiversity and The Workplacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the currently estimated prevalence for autism (as noted above, 74 in 10,000 children; [19]), the situation concerning autism and work is socially relevant. We, therefore, propose some changes that allow for a more open-minded interaction between employers and autistic individuals.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Different Point of View: The Neurodiversity Approach to Autism and Work

Lorenz¹,

Reznik²,

Heinitz³

2017

Autism - Paradigms, Recent Research and Clinical Applications

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With this chapter, we want to open up the debate whether neurodiversity might be the next step of diversity. The term neurodiversity was first established in the online autism community in the 1990s and has since spread both off-and online. It describes the idea that, throughout the human population, different brain developments and structures exist. Neuronal variances such as Autism are therefore not to be seen as disorders but as variations different from the neurotypical brain. Instead of being considered ill and cure-worthy, neurodiverse people should be included and integrated into society. In our current research, we follow the neurodiversity approach and focus on the subject of autism in the work context. We found that certain strengths and abilities are most prominent in autistic people (such as logical reasoning, visual perception) and that autistic people are able to find different effective solutions to overcome the barriers detaining them from entering the job market. Furthermore, while many autistic individuals are employed in regular competitive jobs, more focus on autism-specific job environments is needed. These findings lead us to the conclusion that autistic individuals have potential that is beneficial for society.

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Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 21 publications

References 89 publications

Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders Incidence by Sub-Populations in Israel 1992–2009: A Total Population Study

Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders Incidence by Sub-Populations in Israel 1992–2009: A Total Population Study

Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Emerging Technologies

A Different Point of View: The Neurodiversity Approach to Autism and Work

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