Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders Incidence by Sub-Populations in Israel 1992–2009: A Total Population Study

Raz, Raul; Weisskopf, Marc G.; Davidovitch, Michael; Pinto, Ofir; Levine, Hagai

doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2262-z

Cited by 70 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We defined children as having ASD, based on NII records that include approved allowance for ASD. Additional details about the NII case ascertainment and its validity can be found in previous publications [Raz et al, , ; Segev, Weisskopf, Levine, Pinto, & Raz, ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence and incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have increased immensely in recent years [Baio et al, ; Hertz‐Picciotto & Delwiche, ; Jensen, Steinhausen, & Lauritsen, ; Lai, Lombardo, & Baron‐Cohen, ; Lord, Elsabbagh, Baird, & Veenstra‐Vanderweele, ; Raz, Weisskopf, Davidovitch, Pinto, & Levine, ]. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the estimates of ASD prevalence among children up to the age of 8 in the United States have increased from 1:150 to 1:59 between 2000 and 2014, this estimate is based on medical and educational evaluations that are reviewed by clinicians for each child.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birth weight and autism spectrum disorder: A population‐based nested case–control study

2020

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Low birth weight (<2,500 g) and preterm birth (<37 weeks) were found to be associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, the data regarding the entire birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) range are inconclusive. In this population nested case–control study, based on the Israeli National Insurance Institute records, we aimed to estimate the associations in the Israeli population. The study population included all children born between 2000 and 2012 and diagnosed with ASD (N = 12,635 cases), and a random 20% sample of children born in the same period who were not diagnosed with ASD (N = 369,548 controls). We used multiple logistic regression models to calculate the risk of ASD for each BW and GA category, adjusted for covariates (child sex, maternal age, paternal age, population group, maternal wage, paternal wage, having a sibling with ASD, multiple gestation and socioeconomic status). BW < 3,000 g and GA < 39 weeks were associated with higher risk of ASD, including BW of 2,500–3,000 g (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12–1.24, in comparison to the 3,000–3,500 g category) and GA of 37 & 38 weeks (AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.25–1.45 and AOR, 1.13; 95% CI 1.06–1.20, respectively; in comparison to GA of 40 weeks). To account for the high correlation between GA and BW, we modeled BW percentiles for gestational age and found that the BW < 20th percentile was associated with an increased risk of ASD (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.19). These results demonstrate that associations of ASD with BW and GA are not limited to commonly used clinical cutoffs. Autism Res 2020, 13: 655–665. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with low birth weight (<2,500 g) in prior research. Our study aims to describe the relationship between birth weight (BW) and ASD in the Israeli population. We found that BW <3,000 g was associated with a higher risk of ASD. These results demonstrate that an increased risk of ASD is not confined to clinically defined cutoffs such as BW < 2,500 g.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth weight and autism spectrum disorder: A population‐based nested case–control study

2020

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“…This is a nested case–control study based on the Israeli NII database, described in detail in previous publications [Raz et al, ; Raz, Weisskopf, et al, ]. In short, NII is the governmental welfare agency responsible for various benefits and compensations given to Israeli citizens and residents throughout life.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASD status and diagnosis date were determined based on claims for child disability benefits related to ASD made to NII by the parents throughout childhood and confirmed until the end of 2016. The process of confirming these claims was detailed in previous publications [Raz et al, ; Raz, Weisskopf, et al, ]. In short, the confirmation is based on an external diagnosis made by a multidisciplinary clinical team of experts based on DSM IV criteria (in the relevant period) and reviewed by an NII committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this study is to update time trends of cumulative incidence in Israel with additional birth cohorts and an expanded follow‐up period from our prior study in Israel, and to examine the role of socioeconomic factors in ASD incidence [Raz, Weisskopf, et al, ]. In addition to examining cumulative incidence according to population groups, we also analyze time trends according to household income and evaluate the interaction between income and population group in the context of ASD incidence and age of diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence time trends and socioeconomic factors in the observed incidence of autism spectrum disorder in israel: A nationwide nested case–control study

et al. 2019

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) trends have been gaining a great deal of focus in recent decades, as many studies worldwide show a continued rise in incidence rates. Many researchers have begun analyzing socioeconomic data in relation to ASD in an effort to understand the source of these changing rates and the role of awareness and access to resources. In this study, we aim to contribute to this body of knowledge by examining incidence time trends of ASD in Israel according to socioeconomic factors. While similar studies have been conducted in Israel, this study is the first of its kind to include the total population. Individual‐level data from the Israeli National Insurance Institute were used to determine cumulative incidence of ASD, first for the total population, and then stratified by population group and income categories. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to analyze associations between income category and both risk of ASD and risk of ASD diagnosis in later age. A total of 431,348 children were examined in this study, with 13,841 cases of ASD. The cumulative incidence of all children aged 8 in 2015 was 0.64%, marking an increase compared to previous literature from Israel. Within our study period, ASD incidence followed this increase until the 2009 birth cohort, where it began to stabilize. Our initial findings from regression models showed strong positive associations between household income and ASD incidence, as expected. After factoring in population group, however, the elevated ASD incidence rates in the highest income bracket decreased. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1870–1879. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study contributes comprehensive and current data on ASD trends overtime in Israel and introduces crucial insights regarding the impact of socioeconomic factors on ASD diagnoses. We found a rise in ASD that began leveling off in 2009. We identified more ASD diagnoses occurring in families with higher incomes and in the General Population, pointing to the important role of sociodemographic factors on ASD diagnoses.

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Temporal and Geographical Variability of Prevalence and Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Children in Catalonia, Spain

et al. 2019

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This study aims to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in 2017 and the ASD diagnosis incidence between 2009 and 2017 in children living in Catalonia region in Spain, and their temporal and geographical variability. We used administrative data for all children aged 2–17 years who were insured in the public Catalan Health System between 2009 and 2017. We identified all ASD cases diagnosed between 2009 and 2017 (ICD‐9 codes 299.0, 299.1, 299.8, and 299.9). We estimated the ASD prevalence in 2017 and the overall annual incidence between 2009 and 2017, then stratified by sex, age group, and healthcare area. We used Poisson regression models to assess temporal trends in the incidence and mixed‐effects Poisson regression models to assess geographical variability. We observed an ASD prevalence of 1.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–1.25) in 2017, with 1.95% (95% CI 1.92–1.99) for boys and 0.46% (95% CI 0.44–0.48) for girls, the highest prevalence being in 11‐ to 17‐year‐olds (1.80%, 95% CI 1.76–1.83). The ASD diagnosis incidence increased from 0.07% (95% CI 0.06–0.09) in 2009 to 0.23% (95% CI 0.21–0.24) in 2017, with a higher increase in girls, and in children aged 2–5 years at the time of diagnosis. We only observed geographical differences in prevalence in the 2017 data. We also detected a threefold increase in the diagnosis incidence overall, which was even more pronounced in girls and at early ages. In conclusion, the ASD prevalence observed in this study was 1.23% in 2017, with a sex ratio of 4.5 in favor of boys, which is consistent with previous studies. Autism Res 2019. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are currently well known in our society as one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders during childhood. The results of our study showed that, in 2017 in Catalonia, slightly more than one in a 100 children had an ASD diagnosis, it was more common in boys than in girls, and also in older children. In addition, between 2009 and 2017, we observed an increase in the number of new cases diagnosed each year. The data presented in this study will assist in planning and evaluating the needs of health services in this geographical region.

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Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders Incidence by Sub-Populations in Israel 1992–2009: A Total Population Study

Cited by 70 publications

References 36 publications

Birth weight and autism spectrum disorder: A population‐based nested case–control study

Birth weight and autism spectrum disorder: A population‐based nested case–control study

Incidence time trends and socioeconomic factors in the observed incidence of autism spectrum disorder in israel: A nationwide nested case–control study

Temporal and Geographical Variability of Prevalence and Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Children in Catalonia, Spain

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