Epidemiology of Affective Disorders

Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.; Cross, Christine K.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290010013003

Cited by 257 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…[15] The female students' scores were higher than those of male students in 2007 and 2008. Our results were comparable to those of other studies in that we showed higher SDS scores for females than for males [16][17][18]. Moreover, the difference was hardly seen for the investigation period of 3 years as for the mean SDS score.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Condition of depressive symptoms among Japanese dental students

Takayama

Miura

et al. 2011

Odontology

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The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) is generally used to screen for the presence of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate scores on the SDS, Japanese version, in undergraduates at Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine in Yokohama, Japan. A total of 2,197 dental students completed the SDS from 2006 through 2008. The investigation took place each year over a 3-week period from June to July. When investigating, the Institutional Review Board at Tsurumi University approved the study. Students could voluntarily agree or decline to participate in the study, and all responses were provided anonymously. SDS scores by sex, class year, and change over time were analyzed. The mean SDS score ranged from 43.7 ± 8.5 to 44.8 ± 9.0 between 2006 and 2008. Women were significantly more depressed than men in 2007 and 2008. The SDS scores of the same students were high continuously for 2 years. "Diurnal variation," "personal devaluation," and "confusion" had the highest scores of the 20 individual items of the SDS. Of the participating students, 31.4-37.2% were classified as being moderately to severely depressed. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute the odds ratio for SDS scores of ≤47 versus ≥48. The item "suicidal rumination" had the highest chance of being associated with depressive symptoms in all 3 years. Although this research was limited to a single department of dentistry, it appears that dental students experience various levels of depression. Providing mental healthcare options to these students may be helpful.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Condition of depressive symptoms among Japanese dental students

Takayama

Miura

et al. 2011

Odontology

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“…In the United States and other developed countries, higher socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a lower prevalence of high blood pressure,3 4 cardiovascular risk factors,5 depression,6 heart disease,7 – 11 disability12 and with longer life expectancy 13. With a few exceptions (eg, melanoma, breast cancer) in which the opposite associations occur and some variation among subgroups,14 higher SES generally protects physical and mental health in the industrialised countries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure and socioeconomic status in low-income women in Mexico: a reverse gradient?

Fernald

Adler²

2008

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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In contrast to traditional assumptions about the associations between SES and health, women in low-income rural populations who are at the upper end of the income spectrum within their community were found to be more likely to have higher SBP, as were those who perceived that they had higher status in the community. These results challenge standard assumptions about the association of SES and health.

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“…2 Many authors have suggested that a certain type of personality or temperament is at high risk for developing major depression. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Kendler et al, 6 for example, reported that the correlation between neuroticism and the liability to major depression is substantial and that most observed correlations were due to genetic factors that influence both traits. Data on the genetics of the relationship between dimensions of temperament and minor depression are much less clear, although most studies reported that less severe conditions such as neurotic depression or dysthymic disorder showed no heritability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of temperament as vulnerability factors in depression

et al. 2002

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In order to evaluate the hypothesis that one set of genetic risk factors may be common to disorders and dimensions of temperament, whereas environmental risk factors are disorder specific, we have conducted a genetic analysis of dimensions of temperament and symptoms of depression in about 201 pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Dimensions of temperament associated with novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence were measured by using the Temperament and Character Instruments developed by Cloninger, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Differences among individuals on these measures can be explained by differences in their genes and in their environmental experiences. There are no differences between the sexes in gene action affecting temperament. Each dimension of temperament is genetically dependent, and genetic variations in symptoms of depression are largely dependent on the same factors that affect the temperament. Temperament is closely associated with vulnerability to depressive symptoms. Molecular Psychiatry (2002) 7, 948-953.

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Epidemiology of Affective Disorders

Cited by 257 publications

References 58 publications

Condition of depressive symptoms among Japanese dental students

Condition of depressive symptoms among Japanese dental students

Blood pressure and socioeconomic status in low-income women in Mexico: a reverse gradient?

Dimensions of temperament as vulnerability factors in depression

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