Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Paxton, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.04.013

Cited by 44 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(258 reference statements)

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“…These variants were detected in the first brood samples examined post-treatment, indicating that both Type A and B had been passed from mite to adult worker to brood without an apparent selective advantage. This supports findings of Type B-like variant replication in mites [ 7 ] and non-propagative transmission of Type A by mites [ 28 ], allowing both variants to survive in the honeybee population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Based on the sequencing analysis from the infested colonies ( Figure 4 and Figure S4 ), the proportion of Type B sequences increased between the two years (2017 and 2019). Additionally, the sequence analysis of the shook swarm data ( Figure 2 ), also taken in 2019, was predominantly composed of Type B variants, supporting the findings of its increased prevalence from England and the USA [ 27 , 28 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Recent research suggests both DWV types are equally pathogenic and cause similar wing deformities in developing bees [ 7 , 25 ]. Various studies have suggested that Type B is an emerging variant that is starting to dominate in honeybees in the USA and Europe, co-existing with or replacing the Type A variants [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. One factor that may influence mite-mediated transmission is whether the viruses can replicate in the vector Varroa .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in the Deformed Wing Virus Population in Honey Bees Associated with the Introduction or Removal of Varroa destructor

Woodford

Christie

Campbell

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite associated with significant losses of honeybee colonies globally. The mite vectors a range of pathogenic viruses, the most important of which is the Deformed wing virus (DWV). In the absence of Varroa, DWV exists as a low-level, highly diverse virus population. However, when transmitted by Varroa, certain variants become highly elevated, and may become near-clonal and cause symptomatic infections. Mite transmission between colonies can occur when parasitised workers drift from or rob adjacent hives. These activities can result in elevated mite levels, but the resulting change in the DWV population, the primary determinant of winter colony losses, has not been determined. In reciprocal studies, we investigated the influence of the removal of mites, or their acquisition, on the DWV population. When mites were removed from heavily infested colonies, there was a striking and rapid reduction in virus load. Conversely, siting Varroa-naïve colonies in a mite-infested apiary resulted in the acquisition of mites and concomitant changes in the virus population. We observed both near-clonal and highly divergent virus populations regardless of titre, suggesting changes were stochastic and colony-specific. Our findings have implications for the outcome of strategies in areas with total or patchy implementation of Varroa control plans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in the Deformed Wing Virus Population in Honey Bees Associated with the Introduction or Removal of Varroa destructor

Woodford

Christie

Campbell

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…1 Humanity’s top 10 existential challenges (outer circle) which are broadly classified into health, environmental, resources, and society New pathogenic threats : Although the COVID-19 pandemic has turned into an endemic, monkeypox virus, although previously known, put forward another pandemic threat. One another later story is the emergence of a dangerous variant of the deformed wing virus worldwide, which infects honeybees (Paxton et al 2022 ). The new variant has already replaced the original strain of the virus in Europe and is spreading to other regions of the world and causing entire bee colonies to collapse (Paxton et al 2022 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One another later story is the emergence of a dangerous variant of the deformed wing virus worldwide, which infects honeybees (Paxton et al 2022 ). The new variant has already replaced the original strain of the virus in Europe and is spreading to other regions of the world and causing entire bee colonies to collapse (Paxton et al 2022 ). These kinds of pathogens could cut essential supply to human beings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Humanity’s Top Ten Existential Concerns

Jose

Ramakrishna

2022

Mater Circ Econ

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Reduced parasite burden in feral honeybee colonies

Kohl

D’Alvise

Rutschmann

et al. 2023

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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Bee parasites are the main threat to apiculture and since many parasite taxa can spill over from honeybees (Apis mellifera) to other bee species, honeybee disease management is important for pollinator conservation in general. It is unknown whether honeybees that escaped from apiaries (i.e. feral colonies) benefit from natural parasite‐reducing mechanisms like swarming or suffer from high parasite pressure due to the lack of medical treatment. In the latter case, they could function as parasite reservoirs and pose a risk to the health of managed honeybees (spillback) and wild bees (spillover). We compared the occurrence of 18 microparasites among managed (N = 74) and feral (N = 64) honeybee colony samples from four regions in Germany using qPCR. We distinguished five colony types representing differences in colony age and management histories, two variables potentially modulating parasite prevalence. Besides strong regional variation in parasite communities, parasite burden was consistently lower in feral than in managed colonies. The overall number of detected parasite taxa per colony was 15% lower and Trypanosomatidae, chronic bee paralysis virus, and deformed wing viruses A and B were less prevalent and abundant in feral colonies than in managed colonies. Parasite burden was lowest in newly founded feral colonies, intermediate in overwintered feral colonies and managed nucleus colonies, and highest in overwintered managed colonies and hived swarms. Our study confirms the hypothesis that the natural mode of colony reproduction and dispersal by swarming temporally reduces parasite pressure in honeybees. We conclude that feral colonies are unlikely to contribute significantly to the spread of bee diseases. There is no conflict between the conservation of wild‐living honeybees and the management of diseases in apiculture.

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Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Cited by 44 publications

References 133 publications

Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in the Deformed Wing Virus Population in Honey Bees Associated with the Introduction or Removal of Varroa destructor

Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in the Deformed Wing Virus Population in Honey Bees Associated with the Introduction or Removal of Varroa destructor

Humanity’s Top Ten Existential Concerns

Reduced parasite burden in feral honeybee colonies

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