“…This rise in incidence is among the most rapid of any malignant solid tumor [3]. Contrastingly, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus has been declining; this trend is most significant among blacks in the United States, although incidence in this group remains higher than any others [4,5]. Whereas squamous cell carcinoma has been definitively linked to smoking and alcohol abuse [5], the increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma may be explained partly by the impact of environmental risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma, including chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus (BE), smoking, alcohol, obesity, and possibly dietary factors [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”