2010
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.03.003
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Epidemiology and Natural History of Penile Cancer

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Cited by 180 publications
(162 citation statements)
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References 41 publications
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“…Some authors (Pizzocaro et al, 2010, Bullen et al, 2009) suggest that incidence is higher in areas of South America, Africa and Asia. Robust evidence on aetiology is limited, but risk factors include older age, cigarette smoking, presence of human papillomavirus (HPV), lichen sclerosus, balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO), and phimosis (Blanco-Yarosh, 2007, Pizzocaro et al, 2010, Pow-Sang et al, 2010, Yagnik, 2009). There is a lower incidence of penile cancer in men who have been circumcised as a child, which suggests that this may be a protective factor (Pizzocaro et al, 2010, Pow-Sang et al, 2010.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some authors (Pizzocaro et al, 2010, Bullen et al, 2009) suggest that incidence is higher in areas of South America, Africa and Asia. Robust evidence on aetiology is limited, but risk factors include older age, cigarette smoking, presence of human papillomavirus (HPV), lichen sclerosus, balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO), and phimosis (Blanco-Yarosh, 2007, Pizzocaro et al, 2010, Pow-Sang et al, 2010, Yagnik, 2009). There is a lower incidence of penile cancer in men who have been circumcised as a child, which suggests that this may be a protective factor (Pizzocaro et al, 2010, Pow-Sang et al, 2010.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Men who smoke > 10 cigarettes a day have a 1.14-fold increased risk when compared to those who do not smoke. In some cultures, such as those in rural Brazilian municipalities, there is a habit of chewing tobacco, a factor that increases the risk of penile cancer by 2.11 times [5,8]. Among the 305 patients analyzed in this study, smoking as a risk factor occupied the 3 rd position, indicating that 53.4% are tobacco users.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…Penile neoplasm is rare in North America and Europe, but its incidence is high and worrisome in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. In the United States of America (USA), the age-standardized incidence rate ranges from 0.3 to 1.8 per 100,000, and in Israel it is 0.1 per 100,000, differing, for instance, from some Brazilian areas, with rates between 1.5 and 3.7 per 100,000 [5,6]; especially in the North and Northeast regions, it even surpasses the cases of prostate and bladder cancer [7,8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The incidence is very low among Jewish populations that commonly practice neonatal circumcision (0.1 per 100,000) [Morris et al, 2011;Pow-Sang et al, 2010]. Typical SCC is the most frequent type of invasive penile cancer, representing about 95% of all cases Pizzocaro et al, 2010).…”
Section: Epidemiology and Natural History Of Penile Cancermentioning
confidence: 99%