Epidemiology and Etiology of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in North India

Jain, Parul; Kumar, Arvind; Prakash, Shantanu; Khan, Danish Nasar; Singh, Kamleshwar; Garg, Ravindra Kumar; Kumar, Rashmi; Kumar, G. Arun

doi:10.7883/yoken.67.197

Cited by 55 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It could be explained by younger patients were more affected probably because of lack of cumulative immunity due to natural infection. A male preponderance was seen in our study which was similar with various earlier studies (8,9,10,15). It could be explained probably due to males are exposed more in outdoor activities in regards to females who mostly stay indoors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Seizure was seen in (43.3%) cases. Similar observations were made by different researchers in earlier studies (8,9,10,12). In our study, after detailed evaluation of all laboratory investigation reports , it was found that the most common cause of AES was acute ( Non JE) encephalitis (78.3%) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This observation was similar to many studies like ,one study done by kumar R et al (2014) found (54.6%) in Uttar Pradesh,India and another study done by jain P et al (2014)in India. (8,9). It could be explained by younger patients were more affected probably because of lack of cumulative immunity due to natural infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, mortality was associated with GCS within 3to 8. The mortality rate of AES varies from 10 to 40% as described in different studies (8,9 ,10,15).…”

Section: Original Research Article Clinical Profile and Outcome Of Pmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Original Research Article: Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Assam, India.

Deuri¹,

Kalita²

2016

IOSR

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, mortality was associated with GCS within 3to 8. The mortality rate of AES varies from 10 to 40% as described in different studies (8,9 ,10,15).…”

Section: Original Research Article Clinical Profile and Outcome Of Pmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Original Research Article: Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Assam, India.

Deuri¹,

Kalita²

2016

IOSR

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“…Every year seasonal epidemic occurs and reported as the highest number of cases reported here. 17 Majority of the population perceives that mosquito bite (79%) is the main cause of malaria though there are also some misconceptions. Others believe that Figure 3.…”

Section: Disease Morbidity Mortality Management and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on current community access to and practices on water, sanitation and hygiene in selected villages of Chargawa block, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Venkatesh

Srivastava

Tiwari

2016

Int J Community Med Public Health

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INTRODUCTIONDiarrhoea alone causes the demise of 760,000 under five children each year (11 percent of all child mortality). 1More than 90% of deaths from diarrhoea in under five children is caused by unsafe or poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices.2 If mothers followed basic hygiene practices and ensured better access to safe water and satisfactory sanitation level this could greatly shrink under five deaths and advance child nutrition. Studies proved that after a period of exclusive breastfeeding in the initial six months of life, children 6-17 months of age show an rise in the incidence of diarrhoeal illness that correlates with the start of complementary feeding. In developing countries, children 6-11 months of age experience an average of three episodes of diarrhoea. 4 The primary cause of diarrhoea in children was unsafe water only, but recent studies also points to unsafe food.5 WHO noted that every year unsafe food kills 1.2 million people over five years of age are from Asia and Africa. 6 This figure evident of contamination levels in complementary foods consumed ABSTRACT Background: More than 90% of deaths from diarrhoea in under five children is caused by unsafe WASH practices. Adequate hygiene practices have been recognised to decrease the diarrhoeal incidence by 30-40 percent. 748 million people still depend on unimproved sources of drinking water almost a quarter of which depend on untreated surface water, and 2.5 billion people need to improve sanitation, including one billion who practice open defecation. Yet to date, the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) element has received minute attention and the potential to link efforts on WASH and NTDs has been mostly untouched. This study was planned to identify current levels of community access to and practices related to water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Methods: Cross sectional survey of 200 households conducted in selected villages of chargawa block through multistage sampling. Data were collected using pre-designed questionnaire. Results: 66% of our responder's were female, 86% of household are male-headed. The burden of collecting water is mostly with women & girls (89%). 51% of people still rely on the unprotected hand pump as a source of water for drinking. Majority of the population defecates in the bush/backyard/field (79%). Hand washing with soap and water during key times is practiced by 21% of the respondents, and hand washing with water only is practiced by 67%. Conclusions: The study shows that access to safe drinking water & WASH practices in the rural villages is still a big everyday challenge. This study provides baseline information's for future interventions in this community.

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The emergence of parvovirus B19 as a pathogen in acute encephalitis syndrome

Dey,

Mohanty,

Mamidi

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Despite scarcity of data, in recent years, human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) has been emerging as an important pathogen in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). But, PVB19 virus is mostly looked for only after the exclusion of other common pathogens implicated in AES. Hence, this study was conducted to correlate clinical, radiological, and sequencing data to establish the crucial role of PVB19 in AES. Cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum samples were collected from AES patients as per WHO criteria and tested by ELISA, real‐time PCR and bacterial culture sensitivity for various pathogens. PVB19 positive samples were subjected to sequencing. PVB19 attributed to 5% of total AES cases in the present study with fatalities in two of eight cases. Two isolates of PVB19 belonged to Genotype 1 A whereas one belonged to Genotype 3B. On multivariate analysis of predictive symptoms of PVB19 AES cases, blurring of vision (odds ratio [OR] 20.67; p = 0.001) was found to be significant independent predictor of PVB19 AES. Six of eight patients (two encephalitis specific and four nonspecific) had abnormal radiological findings. Hence, being an emerging viral pathogen, PVB19 should be included in the diagnostic algorithm of AES for prompt diagnosis and definitive management to prevent undesired neurological sequelae.

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Epidemiology and Etiology of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in North India

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Original Research Article: Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Assam, India.

Original Research Article: Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Assam, India.

Study on current community access to and practices on water, sanitation and hygiene in selected villages of Chargawa block, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

The emergence of parvovirus B19 as a pathogen in acute encephalitis syndrome

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