Epidemiology and clinical presentations of celiac disease

Abstract

Evidence of the prevalence of celiac disease comes from serological screening studies. These have revealed that celiac disease is common, occurring in about 1 % of the population worldwide. There are some countries with higher prevalence rates such as Finland and others with lower rates, for example Germany. The disease is found in most continents and appears to be increasing. Most people with the disease are not currently diagnosed though women are diagnosed more frequently than men. The mode of presentation has changed both in children and adults with diarrhea and a malabsorption syndrome becoming less common. Abdominal pain and growth issues are major modes of presentation in children, while anemia, osteoporosis, and recognition at endoscopy performed for GERD are seen as modes of presentation in adults. Screening of at risk groups is a major mode of presentation for both adults and children.

Nutritional status variation and intestinal and extra intestinal symptomatology in patients with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity given specialized dietary advice

“…The present study results differ from those reported by Reilly & Green 6 and Ukkola et al 12 , who found that the clinical picture of celiac disease has changed both in children and adults as diarrhea and malabsorption are increasingly uncommon (classical gastrointestinal symptoms). Currently, abdominal cramps and delayed growth are the main manifestations in children.…”

“…Reilly & Green 6 also affirmed that the highest prevalences of celiac disease have occurred in adult females, and that celiac disease has mostly been diagnosed in later life 6 . In addition Araújo 19 and Polanco 20 found that celiac disease is more common in women, and the latter reported that celiac disease affects women in a ratio of 2 to 1 19,20 .…”

“…Currently, abdominal cramps and delayed growth are the main manifestations in children. The main manifestations in adults have been 6 anemia, osteoporosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, chronic fatigue, and varied neurological manifestations (extra-intestinal symptoms) 12 .…”

“…In Western countries celiac disease affects approximately 1.00% of the general population 6 . In Brazil official statistics on celiac disease epidemiology are unknown, but new studies show that celiac disease is found in 0.15 to 1.75% of the general population 7 .…”

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“…In literature this percentage is referred to as 'tip of the iceberg' . Unfortunately, it is impossible to acquire specific data as there is no official record of the number of people affected by celiac disease [1][2][3].…”